Words whose 10th letter is R

Acetabular (a.) Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform.

Aciculiform (a.) Needle-shaped; acicular.

Acinaciform (a.) Scimeter-shaped; as, an acinaciform leaf.

Ambidexter (n.) A double-dealer; one equally ready to act on either side in party disputes.

Ambidexterity (n.) Double-dealing.

Amphiaster (n.) The achromatic figure, formed in mitotic cell-division, consisting of two asters connected by a spindle-shaped bundle of rodlike fibers diverging from each aster, and called the spindle.

Ampulliform (a.) Flask-shaped; dilated.

Antibacterial (a.) Inimical to bacteria; -- applied esp. to serum for protection against bacterial diseases.

Arthrospore (n.) A bacterial resting cell, -- formerly considered a spore, but now known to occur even in endosporous bacteria.

Antheriform (a.) Shaped like an anther; anther-shaped.

Antirenter (n.) One opposed to the payment of rent; esp. one of those who in 1840-47 resisted the collection of rents claimed by the patroons from the settlers on certain manorial lands in the State of New York.

Aphilanthropy (n.) Want of love to mankind; -- the opposite of philanthropy.

Archbutler (n.) A chief butler; -- an officer of the German empire.

Argilliferous (a.) Producing clay; -- applied to such earths as abound with argil.

Atrabiliary (a.) Melancholic or hypohondriac; atrabilious; -- from the supposed predominance of black bile, to the influence of which the ancients attributed hypochondria, melancholy, and mania.

Bacilliform (a.) Rod-shaped.

Barnburner (n.) A member of the radical section of the Democratic party in New York, about the middle of the 19th century, which was hostile to extension of slavery, public debts, corporate privileges, etc., and supported Van Buren against Cass for president in 1848; -- opposed to Hunker.

Bellflower (n.) A plant of the genus Campanula; -- so named from its bell-shaped flowers.

Bibliolatry (n.) Book worship, esp. of the Bible; -- applied by Roman Catholic divines to the exaltation of the authority of the Bible over that of the pope or the church, and by Protestants to an excessive regard to the letter of the Scriptures.

Bogtrotter (n.) One who lives in a boggy country; -- applied in derision to the lowest class of Irish.

Bonesetter (n.) One who sets broken or dislocated bones; -- commonly applied to one, not a regular surgeon, who makes an occupation of setting bones.

Brevirostrate (a.) Short-billed; having a short beak.

Brontotherium (n.) A genus of large extinct mammals from the miocene strata of western North America. They were allied to the rhinoceros, but the skull bears a pair of powerful horn cores in front of the orbits, and the fore feet were four-toed. See Illustration in Appendix.

Buccinator (n.) A muscle of the cheek; -- so called from its use in blowing wind instruments.

Bushhammer (n.) A hammer with a head formed of a bundle of square bars, with pyramidal points, arranged in rows, or a solid head with a face cut into a number of rows of such points; -- used for dressing stone.

Calcariferous (a.) Lime-yielding; calciferous

Campaniform (a.) Bell-shaped.

Campanularian (n.) A hydroid of the family ampanularidae, characterized by having the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles or hydrothecae.

Castigatory (n.) An instrument formerly used to punish and correct arrant scolds; -- called also a ducking stool, or trebucket.

Centreboard (n.) A movable or sliding keel formed of a broad board or slab of wood or metal which may be raised into a water-tight case amidships, when in shallow water, or may be lowered to increase the area of lateral resistance and prevent leeway when the vessel is beating to windward. It is used in vessels of all sizes along the coast of the United States

Cherimoyer (n.) A small downy-leaved tree (Anona Cherimolia), with fragrant flowers. It is a native of Peru.

Chiaroscuro (n.) Alt. of Chiaro-oscuro

Cinematograph (n.) A machine, combining magic lantern and kinetoscope features, for projecting on a screen a series of pictures, moved rapidly (25 to 50 a second) and intermittently before an objective lens, and producing by persistence of vision the illusion of continuous motion; a moving-picture machine; also, any of several other machines or devices producing moving pictorial effects. Other common names for the cinematograph are animatograph, biograph, bioscope, electrograph, electroscope, > Commandeer (v. t.) To compel to perform military service; to seize for military purposes; -- orig. used of the Boers.

Coneflower (n.) Any plant of the genus Rudbeckia; -- so called from the cone-shaped disk of the flower head. Also, any plant of the related genera Ratibida and Brauneria, the latter usually known as purple coneflower.

Controller (n.) A lever controlling the speed of an engine; -- applied esp. to the lever governing a throttle valve, as of a steam or gasoCockchafer (n.) A beetle of the genus Melolontha (esp. M. vulgaris) and allied genera; -- called also May bug, chafer, or dorbeetle.

Comparator (n.) An instrument or machine for comparing anything to be measured with a standard measure; -- applied especially to a machine for comparing standards of length.

Compressor (n.) An apparatus for confining or flattening between glass plates an object to be examined with the microscope; -- called also compressorium.

Corticifer (n.) One of the Gorgoniacea; -- so called because the fleshy part surrounds a solid axis, like a bark.

Counterbore (n.) A flat-bottomed cylindrical enlargement of the mouth of a hole, usually of slight depth, as for receiving a cylindrical screw head.

Counterbore (n.) A kind of pin drill with the cutting edge or edges normal to the axis; -- used for enlarging a hole, or for forming a flat-bottomed recess at its mouth.

Counterterm (n.) A term or word which is the opposite of, or antithesis to, another; an antonym; -- the opposite of synonym; as, "foe" is the counterterm of "friend".

Cowcatxjer (n.) A strong inclined frame, usually of wrought-iron bars, in front of a locomotive engine, for catching or throwing off obstructions on a railway, as cattle; the pilot.

Crateriform (a.) Having the form of a shallow bowl; -- said of a corolla.

Crowflower (n.) A kind of campion; according to Gerarde, the Lychnis Flos-cuculi.

Desiccator (n.) A short glass jar fitted with an air-tight cover, and containing some desiccating agent, as calcium chloride, above which is placed the material to be dried or preserved from moisture.

Dentirostral (a.) Having a toothed bill; -- applied to a group of passerine birds, having the bill notched, and feeding chiefly on insects, as the shrikes and vireos. See Illust. (N) under Beak.

Desiccator (n.) A short glass jar fitted with an air-tight cover, and containing some desiccating agent, as sulphuric acid or calcium chloride, above which is suspended the material to be dried, or preserved from moisture.

Domiculture (n.) The art of house-keeping, cookery, etc.

Drawcansir (n.) A blustering, bullying fellow; a pot-valiant braggart; a bully.

Elasmosaurus (n.) An extinct, long-necked, marine, cretaceous reptile from Kansas, allied to Plesiosaurus.

Enantiomorphous (a.) Similar, but not superposable, i. e., related to each other as a right-handed to a left-handed glove; -- said of certain hemihedral crystals.

Entoplastron (n.) The median plate of the plastron of turtles; -- called also entosternum.

Eudiometer (n.) An instrument for the volumetric measurement of gases; -- so named because frequently used to determine the purity of the air.

Filibuster (n.) A lawless military adventurer, especially one in quest of plunder; a freebooter; -- originally applied to buccaneers infesting the Spanish American coasts, but introduced into common English to designate the followers of Lopez in his expedition to Cuba in 1851, and those of Walker in his expedition to Nicaragua, in 1855.

Fistuliform (a.) Of a fistular form; tubular; pipe-shaped.

Genitocrural (a.) Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; -- applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves.

Glomuliferous (a.) Having small clusters of minutely branched coral-like excrescences.

Glossopharyngeal (a.) Pertaining to both the tongue and the pharynx; -- applied especially to the ninth pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the pharynx and tongue. -- n. One of the glossopharyngeal nerves.

Goatsucker (n.) One of several species of insectivorous birds, belonging to Caprimulgus and allied genera, esp. the European species (Caprimulgus Europaeus); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it sucks goats. The European species is also goat-milker, goat owl, goat chaffer, fern owl, night hawk, nightjar, night churr, churr-owl, gnat hawk, and dorhawk.

Graminivorous (a.) Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said of horses, cattle, and other animals.

Halichondriae (n. pl.) An order of sponges, having simple siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; -- called also Keratosilicoidea.

Harengiform (a.) Herring-shaped.

Harpsichord (n.) A harp-shaped instrument of music set horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills, instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now superseded by the piano.

Heliocentrical (a.) pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed to geocentrical.

Hematotherma (n. pl.) The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to hematocrya.

Hematothermal (a.) Warm-blooded.

Herrnhuter (n.) One of the Moravians; -- so called from the settlement of Herrnhut (the Lord's watch) made, about 1722, by the Moravians at the invitation of Nicholas Lewis, count of Zinzendorf, upon his estate in the circle of Bautzen.

Homoiothermal (a.) Maintaining a uniform temperature; haematothermal; homothermic; -- applied to warm-bodied animals, because they maintain a nearly uniform temperature in spite of the great variations in the surrounding air; in distinct from the cold-blooded (poikilothermal) animals, whose body temperature follows the variations in temperature of the surrounding medium.

Hydrochloride (n.) A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; -- distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base.

Hypidiomorphic (a.) Partly idiomorphic; -- said of rock a portion only of whose constituents have a distinct crystalHypocrateriform (a.) hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped.

Hypocraterimorphous (a.) Salver-shaped; having a slender tube, expanding suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border, as in the blossom of the phlox and the lilac.

Hypoplastron (n.) The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyposternum.

Ichthyomorphous (a.) Fish-shaped; as, the ichthyomorphic idols of ancient Assyria.

Idioelectric (a.) Electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties; capable of becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to anelectric.

Insectivora (n. pl.) A division of the Cheiroptera, including the common or insect-eating bats.

Intercalary (a.) Inserted or introduced among others in the calendar; as, an intercalary month, day, etc.; -- now applied particularly to the odd day (Feb. 29) inserted in the calendar of leap year. See Bissextile, n.

Isodiametric (a.) Developed alike in the directions of the several lateral axes; -- said of crystals of both the tetragonal and hexagonal systems.

Isodiametric (a.) Having the several diameters nearly equal; -- said of the cells of ordinary parenchyma.

Isopodiform (a.) Having the shape of an isopod; -- said of the larvae of certain insects.

Lamellicorn (a.) Having antennae terminating in a group of flat lamellae; -- said of certain coleopterous insects.

Lamellicorn (a.) Terminating in a group of flat lamellae; -- said of antennae.

Lamellicornia (n. pl.) A group of lamellicorn, plant-eating beetles; -- called also Lamellicornes.

Landlubber (n.) One who passes his life on land; -- so called among seamen in contempt or ridicule.

Lenticular (a.) Resembling a lentil in size or form; having the form of a double-convex lens.

Liguliflorous (a.) Bearing only ligulate flowers; -- said of a large suborder of composite plants, such as the dandelion, lettuce, hawkweed, etc.

Liriodendron (n.) A genus of large and very beautiful trees of North America, having smooth, shining leaves, and handsome, tuliplike flowers; tulip tree; whitewood; -- called also canoewood. Liriodendron tulipifera is the only extant species, but there were several others in the Cretaceous epoch.

Maidenhair (n.) A fern of the genus Adiantum (A. pedatum), having very slender graceful stalks. It is common in the United States, and is sometimes used in medicine. The name is also applied to other species of the same genus, as to the Venus-hair.

Mammaliferous (a.) Containing mammalian remains; -- said of certain strata.

Maxilloturbinal (n.) The maxillo-turbinal, or inferior turbinate, bone.

Metacenter (n.) Alt. of -tre

Moonflower (n.) The oxeye daisy; -- called also moon daisy.

Moonflower (n.) A kind of morning glory (Ipomoea Bona-nox) with large white flowers opening at night.

Moonshiner (n.) A person engaged in illicit distilling; -- so called because the work is largely done at night.

Multilateral (a.) Having many sides; many-sided.

Multipolar (a.) Having many poles; -- applied especially to those ganglionic nerve cells which have several radiating processes.

Naphthazarin (n.) A dyestuff, resembling alizarin, obtained from naphthoquinone as a red crystalNecessitarian (a.) Of or pertaining to the doctrine of philosophical necessity in regard to the origin and existence of things, especially as applied to the actings or choices of the will; -- opposed to libertarian.

Nectariferous (a.) Secreting nectar; -- said of blossoms or their parts.

Northerner (n.) A native or inhabitant of the Northern States; -- contradistinguished from Southerner.

Octangular (a.) Having eight angles; eight-angled.

Pallbearer (n.) One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral; -- so called from the pall being formerly carried by them.

Pampiniform (a.) In the form of tendrils; -- applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian veins.

Panduriform (a.) Obovate, with a concavity in each side, like the body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a panduriform leaf; panduriform color markings of an animal.

Particolored (a.) Same as Party-colored.

Particular (a.) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; as, a particular proposition; -- opposed to universal: e. g. (particular affirmative) Some men are wise; (particular negative) Some men are not wise.

Particular (n.) One of the details or items of grounds of claim; -- usually in the pl.; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; as, a particular of premises.

Permulator (n.) A special form of rotary converter with stationary commutator and rotating brushes, in which the exciting field is induced by the alternating current in a short-circuited magnetic core instead of being produced by an external magnet.

Pharyngobranchial (a.) Of or pertaining to the pharynx and the branchiae; -- applied especially to the dorsal elements in the branchial arches of fishes. See Pharyngeal.

Phyllophorous (a.) Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.

Plesiosauria (n. pl.) An extinct order of Mesozoic marine reptiles including the genera Plesiosaurus, and allied forms; -- called also Sauropterygia.

Pneumatograph (n.) An instrument for recording the movements of the thorax or chest wall during respiration; -- also called stethograph.

Pneumothorax (n.) A condition in which air or other gas is present in the cavity of the chest; -- called also pneumatothorax.

Polyautography (n.) The act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting, or of manuscripts, by printing from stone, -- a species of lithography.

Proterandrous (a.) Having the stamens come to maturity before the pistil; -- opposed to proterogynous.

Protractor (n.) A muscle which extends an organ or part; -- opposed to retractor.

Pulsometer (n.) A device, with valves, for raising water by steam, partly by atmospheric pressure, and partly by the direct action of the steam on the water, without the intervention of a piston; -- also called vacuum pump.

Purpuriparous (a.) Producing, or connected with, a purple-colored secretion; as, the purpuriparous gland of certain gastropods.

Quicken tree () The European rowan tree; -- called also quickbeam, and quickenbeam. See Rowan tree.

Quinquenerved (a.) Having five nerves; -- said of a leaf with five nearly equal nerves or ribs rising from the end of the petiole.

Remittitur (n.) A remission or surrender, -- remittitur damnut being a remission of excess of damages.

Reconcentrado (n.) Lit., one who has been reconcentrated; specif., in Cuba, the Philippines, etc., during the revolution of 1895-98, one of the rural noncombatants who were concentrated by the military authorities in areas surrounding the fortified towns, and later were reconcentrated in the smaller limits of the towns themselves.

Reconcentration (n.) The act of reconcentrating or the state of being reconcentrated; esp., the act or policy of concentrating the rural population in or about towns and villages for convenience in political or military administration, as in Cuba during the revolution of 1895-98.

Sandnecker (n.) A European flounder (Hippoglossoides limandoides); -- called also rough dab, long fluke, sand fluke, and sand sucker.

Scrophulariaceous (a.) Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of gamopetalous plants (Scrophulariaceae, or Scrophularineae), usually having irregular didynamous flowers and a two-celled pod. The order includes the mullein, foxglove, snapdragon, figwort, painted cup, yellow rattle, and some exotic trees, as the Paulownia.

Scyphophori (n. pl.) An order of fresh-water fishes inhabiting tropical Africa. They have rudimentary electrical organs on each side of the tail.

Semiquaver (n.) A note of half the duration of the quaver; -- now usually called a sixsteenth note.

Sententiary (n.) One who read lectures, or commented, on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris (1159-1160), a school divine.

Sexlocular (a.) Having six cells for seeds; six-celled; as, a sexlocular pericarp.

Shearwater (n.) Any one of numerous species of long-winged oceanic birds of the genus Puffinus and related genera. They are allied to the petrels, but are larger. The Manx shearwater (P. Anglorum), the dusky shearwater (P. obscurus), and the greater shearwater (P. major), are well-known species of the North Atlantic. See Hagdon.

Shopkeeper (n.) A trader who sells goods in a shop, or by retail; -- in distinction from one who sells by wholesale.

Shovelboard (n.) A game played on board ship in which the aim is to shove or drive with a cue wooden disks into divisions chalked on the deck; -- called also shuffleboard.

Siphoniferous (a.) Siphon-bearing, as the shell of the nautilus and other cephalopods.

Slopseller (n.) One who sells slops, or ready-made clothes. See 4th Slop, 3.

Solfeggiare (v. i.) To sol-fa. See Sol-fa, v. i.

Spiegel iron () A fusible white cast iron containing a large amount of carbon (from three and a half to six per cent) and some manganese. When the manganese reaches twenty-five per cent and upwards it has a granular structure, and constitutes the alloy ferro manganese, largely used in the manufacture of Bessemer steel. Called also specular pig iron, spiegel, and spiegeleisen.

Splashboard (n.) A guard in the front part of vehicle, to prevent splashing by a mud or water from the horse's heels; -- in the United States commonly called dashboard.

Splendiferous (a.) Splendor-bearing; splendid.

Starmonger (n.) A fortune teller; an astrologer; -- used in contempt.

Stereometry (n.) The art of measuring and computing the cubical contents of bodies and figures; -- distinguished from planimetry.

Stichometry (n.) Division of the text of a book into lines; especially, the division of the text of books into lines accommodated to the sense, -- a method of writing manuscripts used before punctuation was adopted.

Subcontrary (a.) Having, or being in, a contrary order; -- said of a section of an oblique cone having a circular base made by a plane not parallel to the base, but so inclined to the axis that the section is a circle; applied also to two similar triangles when so placed as to have a common angle at the vertex, the opposite sides not being parallel.

Subtrihedral (a.) Approaching the form of a three-sided pyramid; as, the subtrihedral crown of a tooth.

Suburbicary (a.) Being in the suburbs; -- applied to the six dioceses in the suburbs of Rome subject to the pope as bishop of Rome.

Superlunary (a.) Being above the moon; not belonging to this world; -- opposed to sublunary.

Supernaturalism (n.) The doctrine of a divine and supernatural agency in the production of the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in the grace which renews and sanctifies men, -- in opposition to the doctrine which denies the agency of any other than physical or natural causes in the case.

Supervisor (n.) A spectator; a looker-on.

Surangular (a.) Above the angular bone; supra-angular; -- applied to a bone of the lower jaw in many reptiles and birds.

Swallowwort (n.) A poisonous plant (Vincetoxicum officinale) of the Milkweed family, at one time used in medicine; -- also called white swallowwort.

Sweetbrier (n.) A kind of rose (Rosa rubiginosa) with minutely glandular and fragrant foliage. The small-flowered sweetbrier is Rosa micrantha.

Sweetwater (n.) A variety of white grape, having a sweet watery juice; -- also called white sweetwater, and white muscadine.

Syncategorematic (a.) Not capable of being used as a term by itself; -- said of words, as an adverb or preposition.

Temperature (n.) The degree of heat of the body of a living being, esp. of the human body; also (Colloq.), loosely, the excess of this over the normal (of the human body 98?-99.5? F., in the mouth of an adult about 98.4?).

Tenuirostral (a.) Thin-billed; -- applied to birds with a slender bill, as the humming birds.

Theretofore (adv.) Up to that time; before then; -- correlative with heretofore.

Thermetograph (n.) A self-registering thermometer, especially one that registers the maximum and minimum during long periods.

Thunderbird (n.) An Australian insectivorous singing bird (Pachycephala gutturalis). The male is conspicuously marked with black and yellow, and has a black crescent on the breast. Called also white-throated thickhead, orange-breasted thrust, black-crowned thrush, guttural thrush, and black-breasted flycatcher.

Thunderstrike (v. t.) To astonish, or strike dumb, as with something terrible; -- rarely used except in the past participle.

Thunderworm (n.) A small, footless, burrowing, snakelike lizard (Rhineura Floridana) allied to Amphisbaena, native of Florida; -- so called because it leaves its burrows after a thundershower.

Timeserver (n.) One who adapts his opinions and manners to the times; one who obsequiously compiles with the ruling power; -- now used only in a bad sense.

Tonguester (n.) One who uses his tongue; a talker; a story-teller; a gossip.

Trisaccharide () Alt. of -rid

Trachelobranchiate (a.) Having the gills situated upon the neck; -- said of certain mollusks.

Trachyspermous (a.) Rough-seeded.

Translunary (a.) Being or lying beyond the moon; hence, ethereal; -- opposed to sublunary.

Tufthunter (n.) A hanger-on to noblemen, or persons of quality, especially in English universities; a toady. See 1st Tuft, 3.

Umbelliferone (n.) A tasteless white crystalUmbelliferous (a.) Of or pertaining to a natural order (Umbelliferae) of plants, of which the parsley, carrot, parsnip, and fennel are well-known examples.

Umbellularia (n.) A genus of deep-sea alcyonaria consisting of a cluster of large flowerlike polyps situated at the summit of a long, slender stem which stands upright in the mud, supported by a bulbous base.

Undersparred (a.) Having spars smaller than the usual dimension; -- said of vessels.

Valedictory (a.) Bidding farewell; suitable or designed for an occasion of leave-taking; as, a valedictory oration.

Vernacular (a.) Belonging to the country of one's birth; one's own by birth or nature; native; indigenous; -- now used chiefly of language; as, English is our vernacular language.

Wallflower (n.) In Australia, the desert poison bush (Gastrolobium grandiflorum); -- called also native wallflower.

Windjammer (n.) A sailing vessel or one of its crew; -- orig. so called contemptuously by sailors on steam vessels.

Windflower (n.) The anemone; -- so called because formerly supposed to open only when the wind was blowing. See Anemone.

Xylopyrography (n.) The art or practice of burning pictures on wood with a hot iron; -- called also poker painting. See Poker picture, under Poker.

About the author

Mark McCracken Author: Mark McCracken is a corporate trainer and author living in Higashi Osaka, Japan. He is the author of thousands of online articles as well as the Business English textbook, "25 Business Skills in English".

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