Words whose 6th letter is N

Abacinate (v. t.) To blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes.

Abalone (n.) A univalve mollusk of the genus Haliotis. The shell is Abominable (a.) Excessive; large; -- used as an intensive.

Abominate (v. t.) To turn from as ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread; loathe; as, to abominate all impiety.

Abscond (v. i.) To depart clandestinely; to steal off and secrete one's self; -- used especially of persons who withdraw to avoid a legal process; as, an absconding debtor.

Abstentious (a.) Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining.

Abstinence (n.) The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating beverages, -- called also total abstinence.

Abstinence (n.) The practice of self-denial by depriving one's self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.

Account (v. t.) To place to one's account; to put to the credit of; to assign; -- with to.

Account (v. i.) To render an account; to answer in judgment; -- with for; as, we must account for the use of our opportunities.

Account (v. i.) To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause of; to explain; -- with for; as, idleness accounts for poverty.

Acetonaemia (n.) Alt. of -nemia

Acetanilide (n.) A compound of aniAcetone (n.) A volatile liquid consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the distillation of certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime.

Action (n.) A share in the capital stock of a joint-stock company, or in the public funds; hence, in the plural, equivalent to stocks.

Actionist (n.) A shareholder in joint-stock company.

Acutangular (a.) Acute-angled.

Acuteness (n.) The faculty of nice discernment or perception; acumen; keenness; sharpness; sensitiveness; -- applied to the senses, or the understanding. By acuteness of feeling, we perceive small objects or slight impressions: by acuteness of intellect, we discern nice distinctions.

Acuteness (n.) Shrillness; high pitch; -- said of sounds.

Affront (n.) An offense to one's self-respect; shame.

Aggrandize (v. t.) To make great or greater in power, rank, honor, or wealth; -- applied to persons, countries, etc.

Aground (adv. & a.) On the ground; stranded; -- a nautical term applied to a ship when its bottom lodges on the ground.

Ailment (n.) Indisposition; morbid affection of the body; -- not applied ordinarily to acute diseases.

Alcyonacea (n. pl.) A group of soft-bodied Alcyonaria, of which Alcyonium is the type. See Illust. under Alcyonaria.

Alisanders (n.) A name given to two species of the genus Smyrnium, formerly cultivated and used as celery now is; -- called also horse parsely.

Alicant (n.) A kind of wine, formerly much esteemed; -- said to have been made near Alicant, in Spain.

Alphonsine (a.) Of or relating to Alphonso X., the Wise, King of Castile (1252-1284).

Alternate (v. i.) To happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place or time; -- followed by with; as, the flood and ebb tides alternate with each other.

Anacanths (n. pl.) A group of teleostean fishes destitute of spiny fin-rays, as the cod.

Ancient (a.) Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically applied to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; -- opposed to modern; as, ancient authors, literature, history; ancient days.

Ancient (a.) Known for a long time, or from early times; -- opposed to recent or new; as, the ancient continent.

Anodon (n.) A genus of fresh-water bivalves, having no teeth at the hinge.

Antennule (n.) A small antenna; -- applied to the smaller pair of antennae or feelers of Crustacea.

Appoint (v. t.) To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a new disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a conveyance; -- said of an estate already conveyed.

Appointment (n.) An allowance to a person, esp. to a public officer; a perquisite; -- properly only in the plural.

Apprenticeship (n.) The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes seven years, as from the age of fourteen to twenty-one).

Arching (n.) Hogging; -- opposed to sagging.

Arytenoid (a.) Ladle-shaped; -- applied to two small cartilages of the larynx, and also to the glands, muscles, etc., connected with them. The cartilages are attached to the cricoid cartilage and connected with the vocal cords.

Asarone (n.) A crystallized substance, resembling camphor, obtained from the Asarum Europaeum; -- called also camphor of asarum.

Ascians (n. pl.) Persons who, at certain times of the year, have no shadow at noon; -- applied to the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have, twice a year, a vertical sun.

Assignat (n.) One of the notes, bills, or bonds, issued as currency by the revolutionary government of France (1790-1796), and based on the security of the lands of the church and of nobles which had been appropriated by the state.

Assignation (n.) An appointment of time and place for meeting or interview; -- used chiefly of love interviews, and now commonly in a bad sense.

Asternal (a.) Not sternal; -- said of ribs which do not join the sternum.

Astringent (a.) Drawing together the tissues; binding; contracting; -- opposed to laxative; as, astringent medicines; a butter and astringent taste; astringent fruit.

Astronomy (n.) A treatise on, or text-book of, the science.

Attaint (v. t.) To find guilty; to convict; -- said esp. of a jury on trial for giving a false verdict.

Auburn (a.) Flaxen-colored.

Authentics (n.) A collection of the Novels or New Constitutions of Justinian, by an anonymous author; -- so called on account of its authenticity.

Azotine () Alt. of -tin

Azurine (n.) The blue roach of Europe (Leuciscus caeruleus); -- so called from its color.

Baboon (n.) One of the Old World Quadrumana, of the genera Cynocephalus and Papio; the dog-faced ape. Baboons have dog-like muzzles and large canine teeth, cheek pouches, a short tail, and naked callosities on the buttocks. They are mostly African. See Mandrill, and Chacma, and Drill an ape.

Bantingism (n.) A method of reducing corpulence by avoiding food containing much farinaceous, saccharine, or oily matter; -- so called from William Banting of London.

Barcon (n.) A vessel for freight; -- used in Mediterranean.

Barkentine (n.) A threemasted vessel, having the foremast square-rigged, and the others schooner-rigged. [Spelled also barquentine, barkantine, etc.] See Illust. in Append.

Barren (a.) Incapable of producing offspring; producing no young; sterile; -- said of women and female animals.

Barringout (n.) The act of closing the doors of a schoolroom against a schoolmaster; -- a boyish mode of rebellion in schools.

Batwing (a.) Shaped like a bat's wing; as, a bat's-wing burner.

Bayman (n.) In the United States navy, a sick-bay nurse; -- now officially designated as hospital apprentice.

Beading (n.) The beads or bead-forming quality of certain liquors; as, the beading of a brand of whisky.

Bearing (n.) Any single emblem or charge in an escutcheon or coat of arms -- commonly in the pl.

Bearing (n.) The widest part of a vessel below the plank-sheer.

Bearing rein () A short rein looped over the check hook or the hames to keep the horse's head up; -- called in the United States a checkrein.

Benzine (n.) A liquid consisting mainly of the lighter and more volatile hydrocarbons of petroleum or kerosene oil, used as a solvent and for cleansing soiled fabrics; -- called also petroleum spirit, petroleum benzine. Varieties or similar products are gasoBerlin (n.) A four-wheeled carriage, having a sheltered seat behind the body and separate from it, invented in the 17th century, at Berlin.

Berlin (n.) Fine worsted for fancy-work; zephyr worsted; -- called also Berlin wool.

Betaine (n.) A nitrogenous base, C5H11NO2, produced artificially, and also occurring naturally in beet-root molasses and its residues, from which it is extracted as a white crystalBethink (v. t.) To call to mind; to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or consideration; to think; to consider; -- generally followed by a reflexive pronoun, often with of or that before the subject of thought.

Benzonaphtol () A white crystalBiodynamics (n.) The branch of biology which treats of the active vital phenomena of organisms; -- opposed to biostatics.

Bicornous (a.) Having two horns; two-horned; crescentlike.

Biggin (n.) A coffeepot with a strainer or perforated metallic vessel for holding the ground coffee, through which boiling water is poured; -- so called from Mr. Biggin, the inventor.

Biltong (n.) Lean meat cut into strips and sun-dried.

Biogeny (n.) A doctrine that the genesis or production of living organisms can take place only through the agency of living germs or parents; -- opposed to abiogenesis.

Bipinnaria (n.) The larva of certain starfishes as developed in the free-swimming stage.

Biquintile (n.) An aspect of the planets when they are distant from each other by twice the fifth part of a great circle -- that is, twice 72 degrees.

Bletonism (n.) The supposed faculty of perceiving subterraneous springs and currents by sensation; -- so called from one Bleton, of France.

Bobbin (n.) A cylindrical or spool-shaped coil or insulated wire, usually containing a core of soft iron which becomes magnetic when the wire is traversed by an electrical current.

Bocking (n.) A coarse woolen fabric, used for floor cloths, to cover carpets, etc.; -- so called from the town of Bocking, in England, where it was first made.

Bollandists (n. pl.) The Jesuit editors of the "Acta Sanctorum", or Lives of the Saints; -- named from John Bolland, who began the work.

Boston (n.) A game at cards, played by four persons, with two packs of fifty-two cards each; -- said to be so called from Boston, Massachusetts, and to have been invented by officers of the French army in America during the Revolutionary war.

Bowfin (n.) A voracious ganoid fish (Amia calva) found in the fresh waters of the United States; the mudfish; -- called also Johnny Grindle, and dogfish.

Brigand (n.) A light-armed, irregular foot soldier.

Brigantine (n.) A two-masted, square-rigged vessel, differing from a brig in that she does not carry a square mainsail.

Britannia (n.) A white-metal alloy of tin, antimony, bismuth, copper, etc. It somewhat resembles silver, and is used for table ware. Called also Britannia metal.

Brunonian (a.) Pertaining to, or invented by, Brown; -- a term applied to a system of medicine promulgated in the 18th century by John Brown, of Scotland, the fundamental doctrine of which was, that life is a state of excitation produced by the normal action of external agents upon the body, and that disease consists in excess or deficiency of excitation.

Buccaneer (n.) A robber upon the sea; a pirate; -- a term applied especially to the piratical adventurers who made depredations on the Spaniards in America in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Buccinator (n.) A muscle of the cheek; -- so called from its use in blowing wind instruments.

Bugbane (n.) A perennial white-flowered herb of the order Ranunculaceae and genus Cimiciguga; bugwort. There are several species.

Bumkin (n.) A projecting beam or boom; as: (a) One projecting from each bow of a vessel, to haul the fore tack to, called a tack bumpkin. (b) One from each quarter, for the main-brace blocks, and called brace bumpkin. (c) A small outrigger over the stern of a boat, to extend the mizzen.

Buoyancy (n.) Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveBuoyant (v. t. & i.) Light-hearted; vivacious; cheerful; as, a buoyant disposition; buoyant spirits.

Burden (n.) The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.

Burion (n.) The red-breasted house sparrow of California (Carpodacus frontalis); -- called also crimson-fronted bullfinch.

Bushing (n.) A bush or lining; -- sometimes called a thimble. See 4th Bush.

Buskin (n.) A similar covering for the foot and leg, made with very thick soles, to give an appearance of elevation to the stature; -- worn by tragic actors in ancient Greece and Rome. Used as a symbol of tragedy, or the tragic drama, as distinguished from comedy.

Butting joint () A joint between two pieces of timber or wood, at the end of one or both, and either at right angles or oblique to the grain, as the joints which the struts and braces form with the truss posts; -- sometimes called abutting joint.

Button (n.) A catch, of various forms and materials, used to fasten together the different parts of dress, by being attached to one part, and passing through a slit, called a buttonhole, in the other; -- used also for ornament.

Button (n.) To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose or make secure with buttons; -- often followed by up.

Buttonbush (n.) A shrub (Cephalanthus occidentalis) growing by the waterside; -- so called from its globular head of flowers. See Capitulum.

Buttons (n.) A boy servant, or page, -- in allusion to the buttons on his livery.

Buttonwood (n.) The Platanus occidentalis, or American plane tree, a large tree, producing rough balls, from which it is named; -- called also buttonball tree, and, in some parts of the United States, sycamore. The California buttonwood is P. racemosa.

Cacaine (n.) The essential principle of cacao; -- now called theobromine.

Cachinnation (n.) Loud or immoderate laughter; -- often a symptom of hysterical or maniacal affections.

Calcaneum (n.) One of the bones of the tarsus which in man, forms the great bone of the heel; -- called also fibulare.

Calvinism (n.) The theological tenets or doctrines of John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the 16th century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic churches.

Campaniform (a.) Bell-shaped.

Campaniliform (a.) Bell-shaped; campanulate; campaniform.

Campanula (n.) A large genus of plants bearing bell-shaped flowers, often of great beauty; -- also called bellflower.

Campanulaceous (a.) Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants (Camponulaceae) of which Campanula is the type, and which includes the Canterbury bell, the harebell, and the Venus's looking-glass.

Campanularian (n.) A hydroid of the family ampanularidae, characterized by having the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles or hydrothecae.

Campanulate (a.) Bell-shaped.

Cannonade (n.) The act of discharging cannon and throwing ball, shell, etc., for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering a town, ship, or fort; -- usually, an attack of some continuance.

Canton (n.) A small territorial district; esp. one of the twenty-two independent states which form the Swiss federal republic; in France, a subdivision of an arrondissement. See Arrondissement.

Cantoned (a.) Having a charge in each of the four corners; -- said of a cross on a shield, and also of the shield itself.

Carbinol (n.) Methyl alcohol, CH3OH; -- also, by extension, any one in the homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol is the type.

Carcinology (n.) The department of zoology which treats of the Crustacea (lobsters, crabs, etc.); -- called also malacostracology and crustaceology.

Carling (n.) A short timber running lengthwise of a ship, from one transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the cross timbers that strengthen a hath; -- usually in pl.

Carmine (n.) The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called also carminic acid.

Carping (a.) Fault-finding; censorious caviling. See Captious.

Carrancha (n.) The Brazilian kite (Polyborus Brasiliensis); -- so called in imitation of its notes.

Cassino (n.) A game at cards, played by two or more persons, usually for twenty-one points.

Castanea (n.) A genus of nut-bearing trees or shrubs including the chestnut and chinquapin.

Castanets (n. pl.) Two small, concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like spoons, fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the middle finger; -- used by the Spaniards and Moors as an accompaniment to their dance and guitars.

Cation (n.) An electro-positive substance, which in electro-decomposition is evolved at the cathode; -- opposed to anion.

Catkin (n.) An ament; a species of inflorescence, consisting of a slender axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar, and (as to the staminate flowers) in the chestnut, oak, hickory, etc. -- so called from its resemblance to a cat's tail. See Illust. of Ament.

Catling (n.) A double-edged, sharp-pointed dismembering knife.

Catmint (n.) A well-know plant of the genus Nepeta (N. Cataria), somewhat like mint, having a string scent, and sometimes used in medicine. It is so called because cats have a peculiar fondness for it.

Chaconne (n.) An old Spanish dance in moderate three-four measure, like the Passacaglia, which is slower. Both are used by classical composers as themes for variations.

Chelone (n.) A genus of hardy perennial flowering plants, of the order Scrophulariaceae, natives of North America; -- called also snakehead, turtlehead, shellflower, etc.

Chestnut (n.) The tree itself, or its light, coarse-grained timber, used for ornamental work, furniture, etc.

Chewink (n.) An american bird (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) of the Finch family, so called from its note; -- called also towhee bunting and ground robin.

Chicane (n.) The use of artful subterfuge, designed to draw away attention from the merits of a case or question; -- specifically applied to legal proceedings; trickery; chicanery; caviling; sophistry.

Circinate (a.) Rolled together downward, the tip occupying the center; -- a term used in reference to foliation or leafing, as in ferns.

Clarence (n.) A close four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a seat for the driver.

Clarencieux (n.) See King-at-arms.

Clinanthium (n.) The receptacle of the flowers in a composite plant; -- also called clinium.

Coamings (n. pl.) Raised pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or other opening in the deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp. the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from the transverse head ledges.

Commandeer (v. t.) To compel to perform military service; to seize for military purposes; -- orig. used of the Boers.

Cobbing (a.) Haughty; purse-proud. See Cob, n., 2.

Cocagne (n.) The land of cockneys; cockneydom; -- a term applied to London and its suburbs.

Cocoanut (n.) The large, hard-shelled nut of the cocoa palm. It yields an agreeable milky liquid and a white meat or albumen much used as food and in making oil.

Codeine (n.) One of the opium alkaloids; a white crystalCologne (n.) A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; -- called also cologne water and eau de cologne.

Column (n.) A body of troops formed in ranks, one behind the other; -- contradistinguished from Column (n.) A number of ships so arranged as to follow one another in single or double file or in squadrons; -- in distinction from "Combination (n.) The result of combining or uniting; union of persons or things; esp. a union or alliance of persons or states to effect some purpose; -- usually in a bad sense.

Commandant (n.) A commander; the commanding officer of a place, or of a body of men; as, the commandant of a navy-yard.

Commander (n.) An officer who ranks next below a captain, -- ranking with a lieutenant colonel in the army.

Commandery (n.) A district or a manor with lands and tenements appertaining thereto, under the control of a member of an order of knights who was called a commander; -- called also a preceptory.

Comment (v. i.) To make remarks, observations, or criticism; especially, to write notes on the works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, or to explain particular passages; to write annotations; -- often followed by on or upon.

Commentary (v. i.) A brief account of transactions or events written hastily, as if for a memorandum; -- usually in the plural; as, Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War.

Common (v.) Not distinguished or exceptional; inconspicuous; ordinary; plebeian; -- often in a depreciatory sense.

Common (n.) The right of taking a profit in the land of another, in common either with the owner or with other persons; -- so called from the community of interest which arises between the claimant of the right and the owner of the soil, or between the claimants and other commoners entitled to the same right.

Commoner (n.) A student in the university of Oxford, Eng., who is not dependent on any foundation for support, but pays all university charges; - - at Cambridge called a pensioner.

Commons (n. pl.) Provisions; food; fare, -- as that provided at a common table in colleges and universities.

Commune (n.) Absolute municipal self-government.

Communicable (a.) Communicative; free-speaking.

Companion (n.) A fellow; -- in contempt.

Company (n.) An association of persons for the purpose of carrying on some enterprise or business; a corporation; a firm; as, the East India Company; an insurance company; a joint-stock company.

Company (n.) Partners in a firm whose names are not mentioned in its style or title; -- often abbreviated in writing; as, Hottinguer & Co.

Compensate (v. i.) To make amends; to supply an equivalent; -- followed by for; as, nothing can compensate for the loss of reputation.

Compensation (n.) The extinction of debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount; a set-off.

Compensator (n.) One who, or that which, compensates; -- a name applied to various mechanical devices.

Compone (a.) Divided into squares of alternate tinctures in a single row; -- said of any bearing; or, in the case of a bearing having curved Compunct (a.) Affected with compunction; conscience-stricken.

Concentrate (v. t.) To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless material; to condense; as, to concentrate acid by evaporation; to concentrate by washing; -- opposed to dilute.

Concinnity (n.) Internal harmony or fitness; mutual adaptation of parts; elegance; -- used chiefly of style of discourse.

Condone (v. t.) To pardon; to overlook the offense of; esp., to forgive for a violation of the marriage law; -- said of either the husband or the wife.

Confine (v. i.) To have a common boundary; to border; to lie contiguous; to touch; -- followed by on or with.

Confine (n.) Common boundary; border; limit; -- used chiefly in the plural.

Confinement (n.) Restraint within doors by sickness, esp. that caused by childbirth; lying-in.

Conning tower (n.) The shot-proof pilot house of a war vessel.

Consonant (a.) Having agreement; congruous; consistent; according; -- usually followed by with or to.

Continency (n.) Self-restraint; self-command.

Conventicle (n.) An assembly for religious worship; esp., such an assembly held privately, as in times of persecution, by Nonconformists or Dissenters in England, or by Covenanters in Scotland; -- often used opprobriously, as if those assembled were heretics or schismatics.

Convention (v. i.) A meeting or an assembly of persons, esp. of delegates or representatives, to accomplish some specific object, -- civil, social, political, or ecclesiastical.

Convention (v. i.) An extraordinary assembly of the parkiament or estates of the realm, held without the king's writ, -- as the assembly which restored Charles II. to the throne, and that which declared the throne to be abdicated by James II.

Coquina (n.) A soft, whitish, coral-like stone, formed of broken shells and corals, found in the southern United States, and used for roadbeds and for building material, as in the fort at St. Augustine, Florida.

Cornin (n.) A bitter principle obtained from dogwood (Cornus florida), as a white crystalCotton (n.) A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the unicellular twisted hairs which grow on the seeds of the cotton plant. Long-staple cotton has a fiber sometimes almost two inches long; short-staple, from two thirds of an inch to an inch and a half.

Cotton (v. i.) To unite; to agree; to make friends; -- usually followed by with.

Cotton (v. i.) To take a liking to; to stick to one as cotton; -- used with to.

Cottontail (n.) The American wood rabbit (Lepus sylvaticus); -- also called Molly cottontail.

Courant (a.) Represented as running; -- said of a beast borne in a coat of arms.

Crankness (n.) Liability to be overset; -- said of a ship or other vessel.

Craven (n.) A recreant; a coward; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. See Recreant, n.

Credendum (n.) A thing to be believed; an article of faith; -- distinguished from agendum, a practical duty.

Criminal (a.) Involving a crime; of the nature of a crime; -- said of an act or of conduct; as, criminal carelessness.

Criminal (a.) Relating to crime; -- opposed to civil; as, the criminal code.

Cyclone (n.) In general, a condition of the atmosphere characterized by a central area of pressure much lower than that of surrounding areas, and a system of winds blowing inward and around (clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the northern); -- called also a low-area storm. It is attended by high temperature, moist air, abundant precipitation, and clouded sky. The term includes the hurricane, typhoon, and tropical storms; it should not be applied to the moderate distu> Culminate (a.) Growing upward, as distinguished from a lateral growth; -- applied to the growth of corals.

Currant (n.) A small kind of seedless raisin, imported from the Levant, chiefly from Zante and Cephalonia; -- used in cookery.

Curtana (n.) The pointless sword carried before English monarchs at their coronation, and emblematically considered as the sword of mercy; -- also called the sword of Edward the Confessor.

Curvinerved (a.) Having the ribs or the veins of the leaves curved; -- called also curvinervate and curve-veined.

Cyanin (n.) The blue coloring matter of flowers; -- called also anthokyan and anthocyanin.

Cyphonautes (n.) The free-swimming, bivalve larva of certain Bryozoa.

Damson (n.) A small oval plum of a blue color, the fruit of a variety of the Prunus domestica; -- called also damask plum.

Daubing (n.) A rough coat of mortar put upon a wall to give it the appearance of stone; rough-cast.

Daubing (n.) In currying, a mixture of fish oil and tallow worked into leather; -- called also dubbing.

Dahoon () An evergreen shrub or small tree (Ilex cassine) of the southern United States, bearing red drupes and having soft, white, close-grained wood; -- called also dahoon holly.

Demountable () Capable of being dismounted; -- said of a form of rim, for an automobile wheel, which can be removed with its tire from the wheel.

Deacon (v. t.) To read aloud each DecDemean (v. t.) To conduct; to behave; to comport; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun.

Demean (v. t.) To debase; to lower; to degrade; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun.

Derringer (n.) A kind of short-barreled pocket pistol, of very large caliber, often carrying a half-ounce ball.

Descend (v. i.) To pass from a higher to a lower place; to move downwards; to come or go down in any way, as by falling, flowing, walking, etc.; to plunge; to fall; to incDescend (v. i.) To make an attack, or incursion, as if from a vantage ground; to come suddenly and with violence; -- with on or upon.

Descendant (n.) One who descends, as offspring, however remotely; -- correlative to ancestor or ascendant.

Descent (n.) Incursion; sudden attack; especially, hostile invasion from sea; -- often followed by upon or on; as, to make a descent upon the enemy.

Design (n.) To intend or purpose; -- usually with for before the remote object, but sometimes with to.

Design (n.) A plan or scheme formed in the mind of something to be done; preliminary conception; idea intended to be expressed in a visible form or carried into action; intention; purpose; -- often used in a bad sense for evil intention or purpose; scheme; plot.

Designate (v. t.) To indicate or set apart for a purpose or duty; -- with to or for; to designate an officer for or to the command of a post or station.

Designedly (adv.) By design; purposely; intentionally; -- opposed to accidentally, ignorantly, or inadvertently.

Designer (n.) A plotter; a schemer; -- used in a bad sense.

Despondent (a.) Marked by despondence; given to despondence; low-spirited; as, a despondent manner; a despondent prisoner.

Destine (v. t.) To determine the future condition or application of; to set apart by design for a future use or purpose; to fix, as by destiny or by an authoritative decree; to doom; to ordain or preordain; to appoint; -- often with the remoter object preceded by to or for.

Diamond (n.) A pointed projection, like a four-sided pyramid, used for ornament in Dicyanide (n.) A compound of a binary type containing two cyanogen groups or radicals; -- called also bicyanide.

Diogenes (n.) A Greek Cynic philosopher (412?-323 B. C.) who lived much in Athens and was distinguished for contempt of the common aims and conditions of life, and for sharp, caustic sayings.

Dioxindol (n.) A white, crystalDisconvenient (a.) Not convenient or congruous; unsuitable; ill-adapted.

Dishing (a.) Dish-shaped; concave.

Dishonor (v. t.) To refuse or decDispense (v. t.) To exempt; to excuse; to absolve; -- with from.

Dissent (v. i.) To differ in opinion; to be of unlike or contrary sentiment; to disagree; -- followed by from.

Dissentaneous (a.) Disagreeing; contrary; differing; -- opposed to consentaneous.

Dissonant (a.) Disagreeing; incongruous; discrepant, -- with from or to.

Distance (n.) Relative space, between troops in ranks, measured from front to rear; -- contrasted with interval, which is measured from right to left.

Distant (a.) Far separated; far off; not near; remote; -- in place, time, consanguinity, or connection; as, distant times; distant relatives.

Distinct (a.) Separate in place; not conjunct; not united by growth or otherwise; -- with from.

Distinct (a.) So separated as not to be confounded with any other thing; not liable to be misunderstood; not confused; well-defined; clear; as, we have a distinct or indistinct view of a prospect.

Distinguish (v. t.) To separate from others by a mark of honor; to make eminent or known; to confer distinction upon; -- with by or for.

Distinguish (v. i.) To make distinctions; to perceive the difference; to exercise discrimination; -- with between; as, a judge distinguishes between cases apparently similar, but differing in principle.

Distinguished (a.) Separated from others by distinct difference; having, or indicating, superiority; eminent or known; illustrious; -- applied to persons and deeds.

Dormant (a.) In a sleeping posture; as, a lion dormant; -- distinguished from couchant.

Dracanth (n.) A kind of gum; -- called also gum tragacanth, or tragacanth. See Tragacanth.

Draconin (n.) A red resin forming the essential basis of dragon's blood; -- called also dracin.

Dragon (n.) A short musket hooked to a swivel attached to a soldier's belt; -- so called from a representation of a dragon's head at the muzzle.

Dragonet (n.) A small British marine fish (Callionymuslyra); -- called also yellow sculpin, fox, and gowdie.

Drawknife (n.) A joiner's tool having a blade with a handle at each end, used to shave off surfaces, by drawing it toward one; a shave; -- called also drawshave, and drawing shave.

Dreadnought (n.) A British battleship, completed in 1906 -- 1907, having an armament consisting of ten 12-inch guns, and of twenty-four 12-pound quick-fire guns for protection against torpedo boats. This was the first battleship of the type characterized by a main armament of big guns all of the same caliber. She has a displacement of 17,900 tons at load draft, and a speed of 21 knots per hour.

Dromon () In the Middle Ages, a large, fast-sailing galley, or cutter; a large, swift war vessel.

Dunlin (n.) A species of sandpiper (Tringa alpina); -- called also churr, dorbie, grass bird, and red-backed sandpiper. It is found both in Europe and America.

Durion (n.) The fruit of the durio. It is oval or globular, and eight or ten inches long. It has a hard prickly rind, containing a soft, cream-colored pulp, of a most delicious flavor and a very offensive odor. The seeds are roasted and eaten like chestnuts.

Dzeron (n.) The Chinese yellow antelope (Procapra gutturosa), a remarkably swift-footed animal, inhabiting the deserts of Central Asia, Thibet, and China.

Earning (n.) That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money earned; -- used commonly in the plural.

Eburin (n.) A composition of dust of ivory or of bone with a cement; -- used for imitations of valuable stones and in making moldings, seals, etc.

Echidna (n.) A genus of Monotremata found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea. They are toothless and covered with spines; -- called also porcupine ant-eater, and Australian ant-eater.

Elegancy (n.) The state or quality of being elegant; beauty as resulting from choice qualities and the complete absence of what deforms or impresses unpleasantly; grace given by art or practice; fine polish; refinement; -- said of manners, language, style, form, architecture, etc.

Eleven (n.) The eleven men selected to play on one side in a match, as the representatives of a club or a locality; as, the all-England eleven.

Eliminant (n.) The result of eliminating n variables between n homogeneous equations of any degree; -- called also resultant.

Emanant (a.) Issuing or flowing forth; emanating; passing forth into an act, or making itself apparent by an effect; -- said of mental acts; as, an emanant volition.

Emodin (n.) An orange-red crystalEnceinte (n.) The Encrinoidea (n. pl.) That order of the Crinoidea which includes most of the living and many fossil forms, having jointed arms around the margin of the oral disk; -- also called Brachiata and Articulata. See Illusts. under Comatula and Crinoidea.

Ensign (n.) A flag; a banner; a standard; esp., the national flag, or a banner indicating nationality, carried by a ship or a body of soldiers; -- as distinguished from flags indicating divisions of the army, rank of naval officers, or private signals, and the like.

Epicene (a. & n.) Common to both sexes; -- a term applied, in grammar, to such nouns as have but one form of gender, either the mascuEpigene (a.) Foreign; unnatural; unusual; -- said of forms of crystals not natural to the substances in which they are found.

Epigene (a.) Formed originating on the surface of the earth; -- opposed to hypogene; as, epigene rocks.

Epigynous (a.) Adnate to the surface of the ovary, so as to be apparently inserted upon the top of it; -- said of stamens, petals, sepals, and also of the disk.

Euphonious (a.) Pleasing or sweet in sound; euphonic; smooth-sounding.

Eupione (n.) A limpid, oily liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of various vegetable and animal substances; -- specifically, an oil consisting largely of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series.

Evidence (n.) That which is legally submitted to competent tribunal, as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter of fact under investigation before it; means of making proof; -- the latter, strictly speaking, not being synonymous with evidence, but rather the effect of it.

Excarnation (n.) The act of depriving or divesting of flesh; excarnification; -- opposed to incarnation.

Exchange (n.) To part with give, or transfer to another in consideration of something received as an equivalent; -- usually followed by for before the thing received.

Exogen (n.) A plant belonging to one of the greater part of the vegetable kingdom, and which the plants are characterized by having c wood bark, and pith, the wood forming a layer between the other two, and increasing, if at all, by the animal addition of a new layer to the outside next to the bark. The leaves are commonly netted-veined, and the number of cotyledons is two, or, very rarely, several in a whorl. Cf. Endogen.

Exogenous (a.) Pertaining to, or having the character of, an exogen; -- the opposite of endogenous.

Exogenous (a.) Growing from previously ossified parts; -- opposed to autogenous.

External (a.) Outward; exterior; relating to the outside, as of a body; being without; acting from without; -- opposed to internal; as, the external form or surface of a body.

External (n.) Something external or without; outward part; that which makes a show, rather than that which is intrinsic; visible form; -- usually in the plural.

Externe (n.) An officer in attendance upon a hospital, but not residing in it; esp., one who cares for the out-patients.

Extrinsic (a.) Not contained in or belonging to a body; external; outward; unessential; -- opposed to intrinsic.

Extrinsic (a.) Attached partly to an organ or limb and partly to some other part/ -- said of certain groups of muscles. Opposed to intrinsic.

Faintness (n.) The state of being faint; loss of strength, or of consciousness, and self-control.

Faintness (n.) Faint-heartedness; timorousness; dejection.

Falding (n.) A frieze or rough-napped cloth.

Fandango (n.) A lively dance, in 3-8 or 6-8 time, much practiced in Spain and Spanish America. Also, the tune to which it is danced.

Fibrinoplastin (n.) An albuminous substance, existing in the blood, which in combination with fibrinogen forms fibrin; -- called also paraglobulin.

Filling (n.) That which is used to fill a cavity or any empty space, or to supply a deficiency; as, filling for a cavity in a tooth, a depression in a roadbed, the space between exterior and interior walls of masonry, the pores of open-grained wood, the space between the outer and inner planks of a vessel, etc.

Firkin (n.) A small wooden vessel or cask of indeterminate size, -- used for butter, lard, etc.

Firman (n.) In Turkey and some other Oriental countries, a decree or mandate issued by the sovereign; a royal order or grant; -- generally given for special objects, as to a traveler to insure him protection and assistance.

Flaming (a.) Of the color of flame; high-colored; brilliant; dazzling.

Fodientia (n.pl.) A group of African edentates including the aard-vark.

Fontanel (n.) One of the membranous intervals between the incompleted angles of the parietal and neighboring bones of a fetal or young skull; -- so called because it exhibits a rhythmical pulsation.

Forging (n.) A piece of forged work in metal; -- a general name for a piece of hammered iron or steel.

Fraxin (n.) A colorless crystalFricando (n.) A ragout or fricassee of veal; a fancy dish of veal or of boned turkey, served as an entree, -- called also fricandel.

Frozen (a.) Cold-hearted; unsympathetic; unyielding.

Fulminate (v. t.) To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; -- said especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority.

Fuscine (n.) A dark-colored substance obtained from empyreumatic animal oil.

Gaduin (n.) A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.

Garcon (n.) A boy; fellow; esp., a serving boy or man; a waiter; -- in Eng. chiefly applied to French waiters.

Gallant (a.) Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed.

Gallant (a.) Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer.

Gallinae (n.) An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called Rasores.

Gallon (n.) A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure.

Galvanoplastic (a.) Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a medal or the like.

Galvanopuncture (n.) Same as Electro-puncture.

Garcinia (n.) A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; -- so called in honor of Dr. Garcin.

Gardant (a.) Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or other beast.

Garden (n.) A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country.

Gardenia (n.) A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden.

Garganey (n.) A small European duck (Anas querquedula); -- called also cricket teal, and summer teal.

Gelding (v. t.) A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but formerly used also of the human male.

Geocentrical (a.) Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to or seen from the earth, -- usually opposed to heliocentric, as seen from the sun; as, the geocentric longitude or latitude of a planet.

Geosynclinal (n.) the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; -- opposed to geanticlinal.

Germanium (n.) A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.

Germinal (n.) The seventh month of the French republican calendar [1792 -- 1806]. It began March 21 and ended April 19. See VendEmiaire.

Gladen (n.) Sword grass; any plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the European Iris foetidissima.

Gloxinia (n.) American genus of herbaceous plants with very handsome bell-shaped blossoms; -- named after B. P. Gloxin, a German botanist.

Glucina (n.) A white or gray tasteless powder, the oxide of the element glucinum; -- formerly called glucine.

Glyconic (a.) Consisting of a spondee, a choriamb, and a pyrrhic; -- applied to a kind of verse in Greek and Latin poetry.

GobGorgonzola (n.) A kind of Italian pressed milk cheese; -- so called from a village near Milan.

Governess (n.) A female governor; a woman invested with authority to control and direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction of children, -- usually in their homes.

Graminivorous (a.) Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said of horses, cattle, and other animals.

Grating (n.) A system of close equidistant and parallel Guarantee (n.) The person to whom a guaranty is made; -- the correlative of guarantor.

Guenon (n.) One of several long-tailed Oriental monkeys, of the genus Cercocebus, as the green monkey and grivet.

Gyronny (a.) Covered with gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; -- said of an escutcheon.

Hacienda (n.) A large estate where work of any kind is done, as agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of animals; a cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a farming establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; -- a word used in Spanish-American regions.

Hagdon (n.) One of several species of sea birds of the genus Puffinus; esp., P. major, the greater shearwarter, and P. Stricklandi, the black hagdon or sooty shearwater; -- called also hagdown, haglin, and hag. See Shearwater.

Haidingerite (n.) A mineral consisting of the arseniate of lime; -- so named in honor of W. Haidinger, of Vienna.

Hanging (n.) That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; -- used chiefly in the plural.

Happiness (n.) Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of language.

Harmonical (a.) Relating to harmony, -- as melodic relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous body.

Harmonical (a.) Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions, points, Hawfinch (n.) The common European grosbeak (Coccothraustes vulgaris); -- called also cherry finch, and coble.

Heaven (n.) The expanse of space surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems to be over the earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the sky; the place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; -- often used in the plural in this sense.

Heaven (n.) The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly of the blessed, collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as in No. 2.

Helianthin (n.) An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; -- called also methyl orange.

Hellenism (n.) The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and perfection.

Heptane (n.) Any one of several isometric hydrocarbons, C7H16, of the paraffin series (nine are possible, four are known); -- so called because the molecule has seven carbon atoms. Specifically, a colorless liquid, found as a constituent of petroleum, in the tar oil of cannel coal, etc.

Hiddenite (n.) An emerald-green variety of spodumene found in North Carolina; lithia emerald, -- used as a gem.

Hogging (n.) Drooping at the ends; arching;-in distinction from sagging.

Hollander (n.) A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown brick, which will not absorb water; -- called also, Dutch clinker.

Huchen (n.) A large salmon (Salmo, / Salvelinus, hucho) inhabiting the Danube; -- called also huso, and bull trout.

Hurden (n.) A coarse kind of Husband (n.) A married man; a man who has a wife; -- the correlative to wife.

Hushing (n.) The process of washing ore, or of uncovering mineral veins, by a heavy discharge of water from a reservoir; flushing; -- also called booming.

Husking (n.) A meeting of neighbors or friends to assist in husking maize; -- called also

Hyacinth (n.) The name also given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; -- called also, from a mistake as to its origin, Hyacinth of Peru.

Hyalonema (n.) A genus of hexactinelHypernoea (n.) Abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient arterialization of the blood; -- in distinction from eupnoea. See Eupnoea, and Dispnoea.

Hyphen (n.) A mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a Imagination (n.) The imagine-making power of the mind; the power to create or reproduce ideally an object of sense previously perceived; the power to call up mental imagines.

Imprint (v. t.) Whatever is impressed or imprinted; the impress or mark left by something; specifically, the name of the printer or publisher (usually) with the time and place of issue, in the title-page of a book, or on any printed sheet.

Incarnadine (a.) Flesh-colored; of a carnation or pale red color.

Incarnate (a.) Flesh-colored; rosy; red.

IncInclinnometer (n.) An apparatus to determine the inclination of the earth's magnetic force to the plane of the horizon; -- called also inclination compass, and dip circle.

Incognita (n.) The state of being in disguise; -- said of a woman.

Incognito (a. / adv.) Without being known; in disguise; in an assumed character, or under an assumed title; -- said esp. of great personages who sometimes adopt a disguise or an assumed character in order to avoid notice.

Indian (n.) One of the aboriginal inhabitants of America; -- so called originally from the supposed identity of America with India.

Inertness (n.) Absence of the power of self-motion; inertia.

Infringe (v. i.) To encroach; to trespass; -- followed by on or upon; as, to infringe upon the rights of another.

Innuendo (n.) An averment employed in pleading, to point the application of matter otherwise unintelligible; an interpretative parenthesis thrown into quoted matter to explain an obscure word or words; -- as, the plaintiff avers that the defendant said that he (innuendo the plaintiff) was a thief.

Instant (a.) A day of the present or current month; as, the sixth instant; -- an elliptical expression equivalent to the sixth of the month instant, i. e., the current month. See Instant, a., 3.

Internal (a.) Inward; interior; being within any limit or surface; inclosed; -- opposed to external; as, the internal parts of a body, or of the earth.

Internment (n.) Confinement within narrow limits, -- as of foreign troops, to the interior of a country.

Internuncial (a.) Communicating or transmitting impressions between different parts of the body; -- said of the nervous system.

Intrench (v. i.) To invade; to encroach; to infringe or trespass; to enter on, and take possession of, that which belongs to another; -- usually followed by on or upon; as, the king was charged with intrenching on the rights of the nobles, and the nobles were accused of intrenching on the prerogative of the crown.

Intrinsic (a.) Inward; internal; hence, true; genuine; real; essential; inherent; not merely apparent or accidental; -- opposed to extrinsic; as, the intrinsic value of gold or silver; the intrinsic merit of an action; the intrinsic worth or goodness of a person.

Intrinsic (a.) Included wholly within an organ or limb, as certain groups of muscles; -- opposed to extrinsic.

Isogonism (n.) The quality of having similar sexual zooids or gonophores and dissimilar hydrants; -- said of certain hydroids.

Isonandra (n.) A genus of sapotaceous trees of India. Isonandra Gutta is the principal source of gutta-percha.

Issuant (a.) Issuing or coming up; -- a term used to express a charge or bearing rising or coming out of another.

Jacksnipe (n.) A small European snipe (Limnocryptes gallinula); -- called also judcock, jedcock, juddock, jed, and half snipe.

Jacksnipe (n.) A small American sandpiper (Tringa maculata); -- called also pectoral sandpiper, and grass snipe.

Jessant (a.) Springing up or emerging; -- said of a plant or animal.

Jetson (n.) Goods which sink when cast into the sea, and remain under water; -- distinguished from flotsam, goods which float, and ligan, goods which are sunk attached to a buoy.

Jigging (n.) The act or using a jig; the act of separating ore with a jigger, or wire-bottomed sieve, which is moved up and down in water.

Johannes (n.) A Portuguese gold coin of the value of eight dollars, named from the figure of King John which it bears; -- often contracted into joe; as, a joe, or a half joe.

Juglone (n.) A yellow crystalKoulan (n.) A wild horse (Equus, / Asinus, onager) inhabiting the plants of Central Asia; -- called also gour, khur, and onager.

Lagging (n.) The clothing (esp., an outer, wooden covering), as of a steam cylinder, applied to prevent the radiation of heat; a covering of lags; -- called also deading and cleading.

Laplander (n.) A native or inhabitant of Lapland; -- called also Lapp.

Lapling (n.) One who has been fondled to excess; one fond of ease and sensual delights; -- a term of contempt.

Latrine (n.) A privy, or water-closet, esp. in a camp, hospital, etc.

Latten (n.) A kind of brass hammered into thin sheets, formerly much used for making church utensils, as candlesticks, crosses, etc.; -- called also latten brass.

Laurinol (n.) Ordinary camphor; -- so called in allusion to the family name (Lauraceae) of the camphor trees. See Camphor.

Legion (n.) A body of foot soldiers and cavalry consisting of different numbers at different periods, -- from about four thousand to about six thousand men, -- the cavalry being about one tenth.

Lenient (a.) Relaxing; emollient; softening; assuasive; -- sometimes followed by of.

Leucin (n.) A white, crystalLichen (n.) One of a class of cellular, flowerless plants, (technically called Lichenes), having no distinction of leaf and stem, usually of scaly, expanded, frond-like forms, but sometimes erect or pendulous and variously branched. They derive their nourishment from the air, and generate by means of spores. The species are very widely distributed, and form irregular spots or patches, usually of a greenish or yellowish color, upon rocks, trees, and various bodies, to which they adhere with gre> Lisbon (n.) A sweet, light-colored species of wine, produced in the province of Estremadura, and so called as being shipped from Lisbon, in Portugal.

Listing (n.) The throwing up of the soil into ridges, -- a method adopted in the culture of beets and some garden crops.

Lodging (n.) A place of rest, or of temporary habitation; esp., a sleeping apartment; -- often in the plural with a singular meaning.

Looking (a.) Having a certain look or appearance; -- often compounded with adjectives; as, good-looking, grand-looking, etc.

Lophine (n.) A nitrogenous organic base obtained by the oxidation of amarine, and regarded as a derivative of benzoic aldehyde. It is obtained in long white crystalLowland (n.) Land which is low with respect to the neighboring country; a low or level country; -- opposed to highland.

Lozenge (n.) A diamond-shaped figure usually with the upper and lower angles slightly acute, borne upon a shield or escutcheon. Cf. Fusil.

Lucern (n.) A sort of hunting dog; -- perhaps from Lucerne, in Switzerland.

Lucern (n.) A leguminous plant (Medicago sativa), having bluish purple cloverlike flowers, cultivated for fodder; -- called also alfalfa.

Lucernaria (n.) A genus of acalephs, having a bell-shaped body with eight groups of short tentacles around the margin. It attaches itself by a sucker at the base of the pedicel.

lucernarida (n. pl.) A division of acalephs, including Lucernaria and allied genera; -- called also Calycozoa.

Lusern (n.) A lynx. See 1st Lucern and Loup-cervier.

Lydian (a.) Of or pertaining to Lydia, a country of Asia Minor, or to its inhabitants; hence, soft; effeminate; -- said especially of one of the ancient Greek modes or keys, the music in which was of a soft, pathetic, or voluptuous character.

Mackintosh (n.) A waterproof outer garment; -- so called from the name of the inventor.

Macron (n.) A short, straight, horizontal mark [-], placed over vowels to denote that they are to be pronounced with a long sound; as, a, in dame; /, in s/am, etc.

Madonna (n.) My lady; -- a term of address in Italian formerly used as the equivalent of Madame, but for which Signora is now substituted. Sometimes introduced into English.

Maiden (a.) Never having been married; not having had sexual intercourse; virgin; -- said usually of the woman, but sometimes of the man; as, a maiden aunt.

Maiden (v. t.) To act coyly like a maiden; -- with it as an indefinite object.

Maidenhair (n.) A fern of the genus Adiantum (A. pedatum), having very slender graceful stalks. It is common in the United States, and is sometimes used in medicine. The name is also applied to other species of the same genus, as to the Venus-hair.

Maidenly (a.) Like a maid; suiting a maid; maiden-like; gentle, modest, reserved.

Maikong (n.) A South American wild dog (Canis cancrivorus); the crab-eating dog.

Malignant (n.) One of the adherents of Charles L. or Charles LL.; -- so called by the opposite party.

Manganite (n.) One of the oxides of manganese; -- called also gray manganese ore. It occurs in brilliant steel-gray or iron-black crystals, also massive.

Marginicidal (a.) Dehiscent by the separation of united carpels; -- said of fruits.

Marlin (n.) The American great marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa). Applied also to the red-breasted godwit (Limosa haematica).

Marron (a.) A paper or pasteboard box or shell, wound about with strong twine, filled with an explosive, and ignited with a fuse, -- used to make a noise like a cannon.

Marten (n.) Any one of several fur-bearing carnivores of the genus Mustela, closely allied to the sable. Among the more important species are the European beech, or stone, marten (Mustela foina); the pine marten (M. martes); and the American marten, or sable (M. Americana), which some zoologists consider only a variety of the Russian sable.

Martin (n.) A perforated stone-faced runner for grinding.

Martingal (n.) The act of doubling, at each stake, that which has been lost on the preceding stake; also, the sum so risked; -- metaphorically derived from the bifurcation of the martingale of a harness.

Martinmas (n.) The feast of St. Martin, the eleventh of November; -- often called martlemans.

Mauvine (a.) Mauve-colored.

Mayonnaise (n.) A sauce compounded of raw yolks of eggs beaten up with olive oil to the consistency of a sirup, and seasoned with vinegar, pepper, salt, etc.; -- used in dressing salads, fish, etc. Also, a dish dressed with this sauce.

Median (a.) Situated in the middle; lying in a plane dividing a bilateral animal into right and left halves; -- said of unpaired organs and parts; as, median coverts.

Mediant (n.) The third above the keynote; -- so called because it divides the interval between the tonic and dominant into two thirds.

Meeting (n.) An assembly for worship; as, to attend meeting on Sunday; -- in England, applied distinctively and disparagingly to the worshiping assemblies of Dissenters.

Meetinghouse (n.) A house used as a place of worship; a church; -- in England, applied only to a house so used by Dissenters.

Melting (a.) Causing to melt; becoming melted; -- used literally or figuratively; as, a melting heat; a melting appeal; a melting mood.

Messenger (n.) A hawser passed round the capstan, and having its two ends lashed together to form an endless rope or chain; -- formerly used for heaving in the cable.

Metagnathous (a.) Cross-billed; -- said of certain birds, as the crossbill.

Metronymic (a.) Derived from the name of one's mother, or other female ancestor; as, a metronymic name or appellation. -- A metronymic appellation.

Midden (n.) An accumulation of refuse about a dwelling place; especially, an accumulation of shells or of cinders, bones, and other refuse on the supposed site of the dwelling places of prehistoric tribes, -- as on the shores of the Baltic Sea and in many other places. See Kitchen middens.

Midland (n.) The interior or central region of a country; -- usually in the plural.

Mignonette (n.) A plant (Reseda odorata) having greenish flowers with orange-colored stamens, and exhaling a delicious fragrance. In Africa it is a low shrub, but further north it is usually an annual herb.

Minion (n.) A loved one; one highly esteemed and favored; -- in a good sense.

Minionette (n.) A size of type between nonpareil and minion; -- used in ornamental borders, etc.

Mizzen (n.) The hindmost of the fore and aft sails of a three-masted vessel; also, the spanker.

Mizzenmast (n.) The hindmost mast of a three-masted vessel, or of a yawl-rigged vessel.

Modern (n.) A person of modern times; -- opposed to ancient.

Moreen (n.) A thick woolen fabric, watered or with embossed figures; -- used in upholstery, for curtains, etc.

Morganatic (a.) Pertaining to, in the manner of, or designating, a kind of marriage, called also left-handed marriage, between a man of superior rank and a woman of inferior, in which it is stipulated that neither the latter nor her children shall enjoy the rank or inherit the possessions of her husband.

Motion (n.) The act, process, or state of changing place or position; movement; the passing of a body from one place or position to another, whether voluntary or involuntary; -- opposed to rest.

Modernism (n.) Certain methods and tendencies which, in Biblical questions, apologetics, and the theory of dogma, in the endeavor to reconcile the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church with the conclusions of modern science, replace the authority of the church by purely subjective criteria; -- so called officially by Pope Pius X.

Morgan (n.) One of a celebrated breed of American trotting horses; -- so called from the name of the stud from which the breed originated in Vermont.

Multanimous (a.) Many-minded; many-sided.

Munting (n.) Same as Mullion; -- especially used in joiner's work.

Mustang (n.) The half-wild horse of the plains in Mexico, California, etc. It is small, hardy, and easily sustained.

Myelencephalic (a.) Of or pertaining to the myelencephalon; cerebro-spinal.

Myelencephalon (n.) The brain and spinal cord; the cerebro-spinal axis; the neuron. Sometimes abbreviated to myelencephal.

Nagging (a.) Fault-finding; teasing; persistently annoying; as, a nagging toothache.

Nation (n.) A great number; a great deal; -- by way of emphasis; as, a nation of herbs.

Neptune (n.) The remotest known planet of our system, discovered -- as a result of the computations of Leverrier, of Paris -- by Galle, of Berlin, September 23, 1846. Its mean distance from the sun is about 2,775,000,000 miles, and its period of revolution is about 164,78 years.

Neurine (n.) A poisonous organic base (a ptomaine) formed in the decomposition of protagon with boiling baryta water, and in the putrefraction of proteid matter. It was for a long time considered identical with choNeuron (n.) The brain and spinal cord; the cerebro-spinal axis; myelencephalon.

Noncondensible (a.) Not condensible; incapable of being liquefied; -- said of gases.

Noncontent (n.) One who gives a negative vote; -- sometimes abridged into noncon. or non con.

Norman (n.) A native or inhabitant of Normandy; originally, one of the Northmen or Scandinavians who conquered Normandy in the 10th century; afterwards, one of the mixed (Norman-French) race which conquered England, under William the Conqueror.

Nothing (n.) Not anything; no thing (in the widest sense of the word thing); -- opposed to anything and something.

Noumenal (a.) Of or pertaining to the noumenon; real; -- opposed to phenomenal.

Noumenon (n.) The of itself unknown and unknowable rational object, or thing in itself, which is distinguished from the phenomenon through which it is apprehended by the senses, and by which it is interpreted and understood; -- so used in the philosophy of Kant and his followers.

Obscene (a/) Inauspicious; ill-omened.

Obstinate (a.) Pertinaciously adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course; persistent; not yielding to reason, arguments, or other means; stubborn; pertinacious; -- usually implying unreasonableness.

Oculinacea (n.pl.) A suborder of corals including many reef-building species, having round, starlike calicles.

Olibene (n.) A colorless mobile liquid of a pleasant aromatic odor obtained by the distillation of olibanum, or frankincense, and regarded as a terpene; -- called also conimene.

Olivenite (n.) An olive-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of copper; olive ore.

Olivin (n.) A complex bitter gum, found on the leaves of the olive tree; -- called also olivite.

Operand (n.) The symbol, quantity, or thing upon which a mathematical operation is performed; -- called also faciend.

Option (n.) A right formerly belonging to an archbishop to select any one dignity or benefice in the gift of a suffragan bishop consecrated or confirmed by him, for bestowal by himself when next vacant; -- annulled by Parliament in 1845.

Origin (n.) The point of attachment or end of a muscle which is fixed during contraction; -- in contradistinction to insertion.

Orleans (n.) A cloth made of worsted and cotton, -- used for wearing apparel.

Orotund (a.) Characterized by fullness, clearness, strength, and smoothness; ringing and musical; -- said of the voice or manner of utterance.

Oxalan (n.) A complex nitrogenous substance C3N3H5O3 obtained from alloxan (or when urea is fused with ethyl oxamate), as a stable white crystalOxalantin (n.) A white crystalPachonta (n.) A substance resembling gutta-percha, and used to adulterate it, obtained from the East Indian tree Isonandra acuminata.

Pampiniform (a.) In the form of tendrils; -- applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian veins.

Pardon (v. t.) To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender.

Pardon (v. t.) To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to forgive; -- applied to offenses.

Pardonable (a.) Admitting of pardon; not requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied to the offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable fault, or culprit.

Parsonish (a.) Appropriate to, or like, a parson; -- used in disparagement.

Parting (n.) A separation; a leave-taking.

Parvanimity (n.) The state or quality of having a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; -- opposed to magnanimity.

Passant (v. i.) Walking; -- said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is represented as walking with the dexter paw raised.

Passenger (n.) A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer.

Patient (a.) Forbearing; long-suffering.

Patient (n.) A person under medical or surgical treatment; -- correlative to physician or nurse.

Patron (n.) A guardian saint. -- called also patron saint.

Patronize (v. t.) To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior and protector, toward; -- used in an unfavorable sense; as, to patronize one's equals.

Paviin (n.) A glucoside found in species of the genus Pavia of the Horse-chestnut family.

Pecten (n.) A vascular pigmented membrane projecting into the vitreous humor within the globe of the eye in birds, and in many reptiles and fishes; -- also called marsupium.

Perennibranchiate (a.) Having branchae, or gills, through life; -- said especially of certain Amphibia, like the menobranchus. Opposed to caducibranchiate.

Perkinism (n.) A remedial treatment, by drawing the pointed extremities of two rods, each of a different metal, over the affected part; tractoration, -- first employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins of Norwich, Conn. See Metallotherapy.

Perpender (n.) A large stone reaching through a wall so as to appear on both sides of it, and acting as a binder; -- called also perbend, perpend stone, and perpent stone.

Person (n.) A living, self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a thing; a moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child.

Personable (a.) Having a well-formed body, or person; graceful; comely; of good appearance; presentable; as, a personable man or woman.

Personnel (n.) The body of persons employed in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; -- distinguished from materiel.

Perron (n.) An out-of-door flight of steps, as in a garden, leading to a terrace or to an upper story; -- usually applied to mediaevel or later structures of some architectural pretensions.

Phalangoidea (n. pl.) A division of Arachnoidea, including the daddy longlegs or harvestman (Phalangium) and many similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs; usually a rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They breathe by tracheae. Called also Phalangides, Phalangidea, Phalangiida, and Opilionea.

Phalanx (n.) A body of heavy-armed infantry formed in ranks and files close and deep. There were several different arrangements, the phalanx varying in depth from four to twenty-five or more ranks of men.

Pharyngobranchial (a.) Of or pertaining to the pharynx and the branchiae; -- applied especially to the dorsal elements in the branchial arches of fishes. See Pharyngeal.

Philanthropinism (n.) A system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.

Philanthropy (n.) Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; -- opposed to misanthropy.

Phocenic (a.) Of or pertaining to dolphin oil or porpoise oil; -- said of an acid (called also delphinic acid) subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid.

Phthongal (a.) Formed into, or characterized by, voice; vocalized; -- said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of the vocal or sonant consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc.

Pigeonfoot (n.) The dove's-foot geranium (Geranium molle).

Piggin (n.) A small wooden pail or tub with an upright stave for a handle, -- often used as a dipper.

Pitpan (n.) A long, flat-bottomed canoe, used for the navigation of rivers and lagoons in Central America.

Platen (n.) The movable table of a machine tool, as a planer, on which the work is fastened, and presented to the action of the tool; -- also called table.

Plating (n.) The art or process of covering anything with a plate or plates, or with metal, particularly of overlaying a base or dull metal with a thin plate of precious or bright metal, as by mechanical means or by electro-magnetic deposition.

Platinic (a.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a higher valence, as contrasted with the platinous compounds; as, platinic chloride (PtCl4).

Platinocyanic (a.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid compound of platinous cyanide and hydrocyanic acid. It is obtained as a cinnaber-red crystalPlatinoid (n.) An alloy of German silver containing tungsten; -- used for forming electrical resistance coils and standards.

Platinous (a.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a lower valence, as contrasted with the platinic compounds; as, platinous chloride (PtCl2).

Platinum (n.) A metallic element, intermediate in value between silver and gold, occurring native or alloyed with other metals, also as the platinum arsenide (sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is ductile and malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by its resistance to strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles, for stills for sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil and wire for many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt. > Plutonism (n.) The theory, early advanced in geology, that the successive rocks of the earth's crust were formed by igneous fusion; -- opposed to the Neptunian theory.

Polyandry (n.) The possession by a woman of more than one husband at the same time; -- contrasted with monandry.

Polyanthus (n.) The oxlip. So called because the peduncle bears a many-flowered umbel. See Oxlip. (b) A bulbous flowering plant of the genus Narcissus (N. Tazetta, or N. polyanthus of some authors). See Illust. of Narcissus.

Pompano (n.) Any one of several species of marine fishes of the genus Trachynotus, of which four species are found on the Atlantic coast of the United States; -- called also palometa.

Poplin (n.) A fabric of many varieties, usually made of silk and worsted, -- used especially for women's dresses.

Potgun (n.) A pot-shaped cannon; a mortar.

Preignition (n.) Ignition in an internal-combustion engine while the inlet valve is open or before compression is completed.

Provenience (n.) Origin; source; place where found or produced; provenance; -- used esp. in the fine arts and in archaeology; as, the provenience of a patera.

Proxenetism (n.) The action of a go-between or broker in negotiating immoral bargains between the sexes; procuring.

Prasinous (a.) Grass-green; clear, lively green, without any mixture.

Precentor (n.) The leader of the choir in a cathedral; -- called also the chanter or master of the choir.

Precinct (n.) The limit or exterior Prepense (v. t.) Devised, contrived, or planned beforehand; preconceived; premeditated; aforethought; -- usually placed after the word it qualifies; as, malice prepense.

Preponderant (a.) Preponderating; outweighing; overbalancing; -- used literally and figuratively; as, a preponderant weight; of preponderant importance.

Presence (n.) The state of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at hand; -- opposed to absence.

Present (a.) Being at hand, within reach or call, within certain contemplated limits; -- opposed to absent.

Present (a.) Present letters or instrument, as a deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorney, or other writing; as in the phrase, " Know all men by these presents," that is, by the writing itself, " per has literas praesentes; " -- in this sense, rarely used in the singular.

Present (v. i.) To appear at the mouth of the uterus so as to be perceptible to the finger in vaginal examination; -- said of a part of an infant during labor.

Presentation (n.) The particular position of the child during labor relatively to the passage though which it is to be brought forth; -- specifically designated by the part which first appears at the mouth of the uterus; as, a breech presentation.

Presentive (a.) Bringing a conception or notion directly before the mind; presenting an object to the memory of imagination; -- distinguished from symbolic.

Pretend (v. i.) To put in, or make, a claim, truly or falsely; to allege a title; to lay claim to, or strive after, something; -- usually with to.

Preventative (n.) That which prevents; -- incorrectly used instead of preventive.

Profane (a.) Not sacred or holy; not possessing peculiar sanctity; unconsecrated; hence, relating to matters other than sacred; secular; -- opposed to sacred, religious, or inspired; as, a profane place.

Proneness (n.) The state of lying with the face down; -- opposed to supineness.

Proneness (n.) Inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propension; disposition; as, proneness to self-gratification.

Propane (n.) A heavy gaseous hydrocarbon, C3H8, of the paraffin series, occurring naturally dissolved in crude petroleum, and also made artificially; -- called also propyl hydride.

Prudent (a.) Sagacious in adapting means to ends; circumspect in action, or in determining any Prudential (n.) That which relates to or demands the exercise of, discretion or prudence; -- usually in the pl.

Prutenic (a.) Prussian; -- applied to certain astronomical tables published in the sixteenth century, founded on the principles of Copernicus, a Prussian.

Puddening (n.) A quantity of rope-yarn, or the like, placed, as a fender, on the bow of a boat.

Puffin (n.) An arctic sea bird Fratercula arctica) allied to the auks, and having a short, thick, swollen beak, whence the name; -- called also bottle nose, cockandy, coulterneb, marrot, mormon, pope, and sea parrot.

Pugging (v. t.) Mortar or the like, laid between the joists under the boards of a floor, or within a partition, to deaden sound; -- in the United States usually called deafening.

Pulmonata (n. pl.) An extensive division, or sub-class, of hermaphrodite gastropods, in which the mantle cavity is modified into an air-breathing organ, as in Helix, or land snails, Limax, or garden slugs, and many pond snails, as Limnaea and Planorbis.

Pungent (v. t.) Prickly-pointed; hard and sharp.

Putting (n.) The throwing of a heavy stone, shot, etc., with the hand raised or extended from the shoulder; -- originally, a Scottish game.

Quarantine (n.) A space of forty days; -- used of Lent.

Radiant (a.) Giving off rays; -- said of a bearing; as, the sun radiant; a crown radiant.

Radiant (a.) Having a raylike appearance, as the large marginal flowers of certain umbelliferous plants; -- said also of the cluster which has such marginal flowers.

Raglan (n.) A loose overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from Lord Raglan, an English general.

Raiment (n.) Clothing in general; vesture; garments; -- usually singular in form, with a collective sense.

Raising (n.) The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.

Rampant (v.) Rising with fore paws in the air as if attacking; -- said of a beast of prey, especially a lion. The right fore leg and right hind leg should be raised higher than the left.

Ramson (n.) A broad-leaved species of garlic (Allium ursinum), common in European gardens; -- called also buckram.

Rational (a.) Expressing the type, structure, relations, and reactions of a compound; graphic; -- said of formulae. See under Formula.

Rationalism (n.) The system that makes rational power the ultimate test of truth; -- opposed to sensualism, or sensationalism, and empiricism.

Reason (v. t.) To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; -- with down; as, to reason down a passion.

Reason (v. t.) To find by logical processes; to explain or justify by reason or argument; -- usually with out; as, to reason out the causes of the librations of the moon.

Reckon (v. t.) To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause; as, I reckon he won't try that again.

Reckoning (n.) The calculation of a ship's position, either from astronomical observations, or from the record of the courses steered and distances sailed as shown by compass and log, -- in the latter case called dead reckoning (see under Dead); -- also used for dead reckoning in contradistinction to observation.

Rectangle (n.) A four-sided figure having only right angles; a right-angled parallelogram.

Rectangular (a.) Right-angled; having one or more angles of ninety degrees.

Rectangularity (n.) The quality or condition of being rectangular, or right-angled.

Rectinerved (a.) Having the veins or nerves straight; -- said of leaves.

Redwing (n.) A European thrush (Turdus iliacus). Its under wing coverts are orange red. Called also redwinged thrush. (b) A North American passerine bird (Agelarius ph/niceus) of the family Icteridae. The male is black, with a conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered with orange, on each wing. Called also redwinged blackbird, red-winged troupial, marsh blackbird, and swamp blackbird.

Reeding (n.) A small convex molding; a reed (see Illust. (i) of Molding); one of several set close together to decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; -- the reverse of fluting.

Reeding (n.) The nurling on the edge of a coin; -- commonly called milling.

Rejoin (v. t.) To state in reply; -- followed by an object clause.

Relbun (n.) The roots of the Chilian plant Calceolaria arachnoidea, -- used for dyeing crimson.

Remain (n.) That which is left; relic; remainder; -- chiefly in the plural.

Rennin (n.) A milk-clotting enzyme obtained from the true stomach (abomasum) of a suckling calf. Mol. wt. about 31,000. Also called chymosin, rennase, and abomasal enzyme.

Renown (v.) The state of being much known and talked of; exalted reputation derived from the extensive praise of great achievements or accomplishments; fame; celebrity; -- always in a good sense.

Reptant (a.) Creeping; crawling; -- said of reptiles, worms, etc.

Repugnant (a.) Disposed to fight against; hostile; at war with; being at variance; contrary; inconsistent; refractory; disobedient; also, distasteful in a high degree; offensive; -- usually followed by to, rarely and less properly by with; as, all rudeness was repugnant to her nature.

Requin (n.) The man-eater, or white shark (Carcharodon carcharias); -- so called on account of its causing requiems to be sung.

Resign (v. t.) To sign back; to return by a formal act; to yield to another; to surrender; -- said especially of office or emolument. Hence, to give up; to yield; to submit; -- said of the wishes or will, or of something valued; -- also often used reflexively.

Respondent (n.) One who answers in certain suits or proceedings, generally those which are not according to the course of the common law, as in equity and admiralty causes, in petitions for partition, and the like; -- distinquished from appellant.

Respondent (n.) One who maintains a thesis in reply, and whose province it is to refute objections, or overthrow arguments; -- distinguished from opponent.

Responsion (n.) The first university examination; -- called also little go. See under Little, a.

Retainer (n.) One who is retained or kept in service; an attendant; an adherent; a hanger-on.

Retainer (n.) A fee paid to engage a lawyer or counselor to maintain a cause, or to prevent his being employed by the opposing party in the case; -- called also retaining fee.

Retting (n.) The act or process of preparing flax for use by soaking, maceration, and kindred processes; -- also called rotting. See Ret.

Return (n.) The continuation in a different direction, most often at a right angle, of a building, face of a building, or any member, as a molding or mold; -- applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the longer; thus, a facade of sixty feet east and west has a return of twenty feet north and south.

Rhatanhy (n.) The powerfully astringent root of a half-shrubby Peruvian plant (Krameria triandra). It is used in medicine and to color port wine.

Rhodonite (n.) Manganese spar, or silicate of manganese, a mineral occuring crystallised and in rose-red masses. It is often used as an ornamental stone.

Ribbon (n.) Same as Rib-band.

Ripieno (a.) Filling up; supplementary; supernumerary; -- a term applied to those instruments which only swell the mass or tutti of an orchestra, but are not obbligato.

Rocking (a.) Having a swaying, rolling, or back-and-forth movement; used for rocking.

Rubian (n.) One of several color-producing glycosides found in madder root.

Running (a.) Successive; one following the other without break or intervention; -- said of periods of time; as, to be away two days running; to sow land two years running.

Ruthenium (n.) A rare element of the light platinum group, found associated with platinum ores, and isolated as a hard, brittle steel-gray metal which is very infusible. Symbol Ru. Atomic weight 103.5. Specific gravity 12.26. See Platinum metals, under Platinum.

Sadden (v. t.) To make dull- or sad-colored, as cloth.

Safranin (n.) An orange-red dyestuff extracted from the saffron.

Safranin (n.) A red dyestuff extracted from the safflower, and formerly used in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton pink and scarlet; -- called also Spanish red, China lake, and carthamin.

Safranin (n.) An orange-red dyestuff prepared from certain nitro compounds of creosol, and used as a substitute for the safflower dye.

Safranine (n.) An orange-red nitrogenous dyestuff produced artificially by oxidizing certain aniSagoin (n.) A marmoset; -- called also sagouin.

Salient (v. i.) Projecting outwardly; as, a salient angle; -- opposed to reentering. See Illust. of Bastion.

Saltant (v.) In a leaping position; springing forward; -- applied especially to the squirrel, weasel, and rat, also to the cat, greyhound, monkey, etc.

Sanbenito (n.) A garnment or cap, or sometimes both, painted with flames, figures, etc., and worn by persons who had been examined by the Inquisition and were brought forth for punishment at the auto-da-fe.

Santoninic (a.) Of or pertaining to santonin; -- used specifically to designate an acid not known in the free state, but obtained in its salts.

Saphenous (a.) Manifest; -- applied to the two principal superficial veins of the lower limb of man.

Sapient (a.) Wise; sage; discerning; -- often in irony or contempt.

Sardonic (a.) Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence, derisive, mocking, malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; -- applied only to a laugh, smile, or some facial semblance of gayety.

Sarsen (n.) One of the large sandstone blocks scattered over the English chalk downs; -- called also sarsen stone, and Druid stone.

Saturn (n.) One of the planets of the solar system, next in magnitude to Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. Its diameter is seventy thousand miles, its mean distance from the sun nearly eight hundred and eighty millions of miles, and its year, or periodical revolution round the sun, nearly twenty-nine years and a half. It is surrounded by a remarkable system of rings, and has eight satellites.

Saturnine (a.) Heavy; grave; gloomy; dull; -- the opposite of mercurial; as, a saturnine person or temper.

Scavenging (n.) Act or process of expelling the exhaust gases from the cylinder by some special means, as, in many four-cycle engines, by utilizing the momentum of the exhaust gases in a long exhaust pipe.

Scalene (a.) Having the sides and angles unequal; -- said of a triangle.

Schooner (n.) A large goblet or drinking glass, -- used for lager beer or ale.

Seaman (n.) One whose occupation is to assist in the management of ships at sea; a mariner; a sailor; -- applied both to officers and common mariners, but especially to the latter. Opposed to landman, or landsman.

Season (n.) One of the divisions of the year, marked by alternations in the length of day and night, or by distinct conditions of temperature, moisture, etc., caused mainly by the relative position of the earth with respect to the sun. In the north temperate zone, four seasons, namely, spring, summer, autumn, and winter, are generally recognized. Some parts of the world have three seasons, -- the dry, the rainy, and the cold; other parts have but two, -- the dry and the rainy.

Segmentation (n.) The act or process of dividing into segments; specifically (Biol.), a self-division into segments as a result of growth; cell cleavage; cell multiplication; endogenous cell formation.

Sententiary (n.) One who read lectures, or commented, on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris (1159-1160), a school divine.

Sentinel (n.) A marine crab (Podophthalmus vigil) native of the Indian Ocean, remarkable for the great length of its eyestalks; -- called also sentinel crab.

Sermon (n.) Hence, a serious address; a lecture on one's conduct or duty; an exhortation or reproof; a homily; -- often in a depreciatory sense.

Serpent (n.) A bass wind instrument, of a loud and coarse tone, formerly much used in military bands, and sometimes introduced into the orchestra; -- so called from its form.

Serpentarius (n.) A constellation on the equator, lying between Scorpio and Hercules; -- called also Ophiuchus.

Serpentine (n.) A mineral or rock consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of magnesia. It is usually of an obscure green color, often with a spotted or mottled appearance resembling a serpent's skin. Precious, or noble, serpentine is translucent and of a rich oil-green color.

Sextant (n.) An instrument for measuring angular distances between objects, -- used esp. at sea, for ascertaining the latitude and longitude. It is constructed on the same optical principle as Hadley's quadrant, but usually of metal, with a nicer graduation, telescopic sight, and its arc the sixth, and sometimes the third, part of a circle. See Quadrant.

Shamanism (n.) The type of religion which once prevalied among all the Ural-Altaic peoples (Tungusic, Mongol, and Turkish), and which still survives in various parts of Northern Asia. The Shaman, or wizard priest, deals with good as well as with evil spirits, especially the good spirits of ancestors.

Shekinah (n.) The visible majesty of the Divine Presence, especially when resting or dwelling between the cherubim on the mercy seat, in the Tabernacle, or in the Temple of Solomon; -- a term used in the Targums and by the later Jews, and adopted by Christians.

Shining (a.) Having the surface smooth and polished; -- said of leaves, the surfaces of shells, etc.

Simoon (n.) A hot, dry, suffocating, dust-laden wind, that blows occasionally in Arabia, Syria, and neighboring countries, generated by the extreme heat of the parched deserts or sandy plains.

Siphonarid (n.) Any one of numerous species of limpet-shaped pulmonate gastropods of the genus Siphonaria. They cling to rocks between high and low water marks and have both lunglike organs and gills.

Siphoniferous (a.) Siphon-bearing, as the shell of the nautilus and other cephalopods.

Siphonophora (n. pl.) An order of pelagic Hydrozoa including species which form complex free-swimming communities composed of numerous zooids of various kinds, some of which act as floats or as swimming organs, others as feeding or nutritive zooids, and others as reproductive zooids. See Illust. under Physallia, and Porpita.

Siphonostomatous (a.) Having the front edge of the aperture of the shell prolonged in the shape of a channel for the protection of the siphon; -- said of certain gastropods.

Sirvente (n.) A peculiar species of poetry, for the most part devoted to moral and religious topics, and commonly satirical, -- often used by the troubadours of the Middle Ages.

Siskin (n.) A small green and yellow European finch (Spinus spinus, or Carduelis spinus); -- called also aberdevine.

Siskin (n.) The American pinefinch (S. pinus); -- called also pine siskin. See Pinefinch.

Sloven (n.) A man or boy habitually negligent of neathess and order; -- the correlative term to slattern, or slut.

Soften (v. t.) To render less hard; -- said of matter.

Sorbin (n.) An unfermentable sugar, isomeric with glucose, found in the ripe berries of the rowan tree, or sorb, and extracted as a sweet white crystalSorrento work () Ornamental work, mostly carved in olivewood, decorated with inlay, made at or near Sorrento, Italy. Hence, more rarely, jig-saw work and the like done anywhere.

Sowbane (n.) The red goosefoot (Chenopodium rubrum), -- said to be fatal to swine.

Spatangoidea (n. pl.) An order of irregular sea urchins, usually having a more or less heart-shaped shell with four or five petal-like ambulacra above. The mouth is edentulous and situated anteriorly, on the under side.

Spatangus (n.) A genus of heart-shaped sea urchins belonging to the Spatangoidea.

Spicknel (n.) An umbelliferous herb (Meum Athamanticum) having finely divided leaves, common in Europe; -- called also baldmoney, mew, and bearwort.

Spirant (n.) A term used differently by different authorities; -- by some as equivalent to fricative, -- that is, as including all the continuous consonants, except the nasals m, n, ng; with the further exception, by others, of the liquids r, l, and the semivowels w, y; by others limited to f, v, th surd and sonant, and the sound of German ch, -- thus excluding the sibilants, as well as the nasals, liquids, and semivowels. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 197-208.

Spoken (a.) Characterized by a certain manner or style in speaking; -- often in composition; as, a pleasant-spoken man.

Staidness (n.) The quality or state of being staid; seriousness; steadiness; sedateness; regularity; -- the opposite of wildness, or levity.

Stibonium (n.) The hypothetical radical SbH4, analogous to ammonium; -- called also antimonium.

Stilpnomelane (n.) A black or greenish black mineral occurring in foliated flates, also in velvety bronze-colored incrustations. It is a hydrous silicate of iron and alumina.

Styrone (n.) A white crystalSubconscious (a.) Occurring without the possibility or the fact of an attendant consciousness; -- said of states of the soul.

Subcontrary (a.) Having, or being in, a contrary order; -- said of a section of an oblique cone having a circular base made by a plane not parallel to the base, but so incSubtonic (a.) Applied to, or distinguishing, a speech element consisting of tone, or proper vocal sound, not pure as in the vowels, but dimmed and otherwise modified by some kind of obstruction in the oral or the nasal passage, and in some cases with a mixture of breath sound; -- a term introduced by Dr. James Rush in 1833. See Guide to Pronunciation, //155, 199-202.

Subtonic (n.) The seventh tone of the scale, or that immediately below the tonic; -- called also subsemitone.

Sultan (n.) A ruler, or sovereign, of a Mohammedan state; specifically, the ruler of the Turks; the Padishah, or Grand Seignior; -- officially so called.

Summon (v. t.) To call, bid, or cite; to notify to come to appear; -- often with up.

Sunbonnet (n.) A bonnet, generally made of some thin or light fabric, projecting beyond the face, and commonly having a cape, -- worn by women as a protection against the sun.

Supernacular (a.) Like supernaculum; first-rate; as, a supernacular wine.

Supernaculum (adv. & n.) A kind of mock Latin term intended to mean, upon the nail; -- used formerly by topers.

Supernaturalism (n.) The doctrine of a divine and supernatural agency in the production of the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in the grace which renews and sanctifies men, -- in opposition to the doctrine which denies the agency of any other than physical or natural causes in the case.

Surrender (v. t.) To yield to any influence, emotion, passion, or power; -- used reflexively; as, to surrender one's self to grief, to despair, to indolence, or to sleep.

Swaying (n.) An injury caused by violent strains or by overloading; -- said of the backs of horses.

Sylvanite (n.) A telluride of gold and silver, (Au, Ag)Te2, of a steel gray, silver white, or brass yellow. It often occurs in implanted crystals resembling written characters, and hence is called graphic tellurium. H., 1.5-2. Sp.gr., 7.9-8.3.

Sylvan (n.) A liquid hydrocarbon obtained together with furfuran (tetrol) by the distillation of pine wood; -- called also methyl tetrol, or methyl furfuran.

Sylvanite (n.) A mineral, a telluride of gold and silver, of a steel-gray, silver-white, or brass-yellow color. It often occurs in implanted crystals resembling written characters, and hence is called graphic tellurium.

Syngenesis (n.) A theory of generation in which each germ is supposed to contain the germs of all subsequent generations; -- the opposite of epigenesis.

Syntonin (n.) A proteid substance (acid albumin) formed from the albuminous matter of muscle by the action of dilute acids; -- formerly called musculin. See Acid albumin, under Albumin.

Tangent (a.) meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight Tasmanian (a.) Of or pertaining to Tasmania, or Van Diemen's Land. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Tasmania; specifically (Ethnol.), in the plural, the race of men that formerly inhabited Tasmania, but is now extinct.

Taurine (n.) A body occurring in small quantity in the juices of muscle, in the lungs, and elsewhere, but especially in the bile, where it is found as a component part of taurocholic acid, from which it can be prepared by decomposition of the acid. It crystallizes in colorless, regular six-sided prisms, and is especially characterized by containing both nitrogen and sulphur, being chemically amido-isethionic acid, C2H7NSO3.

Terminal (n.) A town lying at the end of a railroad; -- more properly called a terminus.

Tegmentum (n.) A covering; -- applied especially to the bundles of longitudinal fibers in the upper part of the crura of the cerebrum.

Tennantite (n.) A blackish lead-gray mineral, closely related to tetrahedrite. It is essentially a sulphide of arsenic and copper.

Terrane (n.) A group of rocks having a common age or origin; -- nearly equivalent to formation, but used somewhat less comprehensively.

Tersanctus (n.) An ancient ascription of praise (containing the word "Holy" -- in its Latin form, "Sanctus" -- thrice repeated), used in the Mass of the Roman Catholic Church and before the prayer of consecration in the communion service of the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. Cf. Trisagion.

Tetrinic (a.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex ketonic acid, C5H6O3, obtained as a white crystalTeuton (n.) A member of the Teutonic branch of the Indo-European, or Aryan, family.

Thamyn (n.) An Asiatic deer (Rucervus Eldi) resembling the swamp deer; -- called also Eld's deer.

Thuringite (n.) A mineral occurring as an aggregation of minute scales having an olive-green color and pearly luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia and iron.

Ticking (n.) A strong, closely woven Tiffin (n.) A lunch, or slight repast between breakfast and dinner; -- originally, a Provincial English word, but introduced into India, and brought back to England in a special sense.

Tipping (n.) A distinct articulation given in playing quick notes on the flute, by striking the tongue against the roof of the mouth; double-tonguing.

Titling (n.) The hedge sparrow; -- called also titlene. Its nest often chosen by the cuckoo as a place for depositing its own eggs.

Titling (n.) Stockfish; -- formerly so called in customhouses.

ToiToluene (n.) A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless liquid, by distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; -- called also methyl benzene, phenyl methane, etc.

Tomorn (adv.) To-morrow.

Tossing (n.) A process which consists in washing ores by violent agitation in water, in order to separate the lighter or earhy particles; -- called also tozing, and treloobing, in Cornwall.

Toucan (n.) Any one of numerous species of fruit-eating birds of tropical America belonging to Ramphastos, Pteroglossus, and allied genera of the family Ramphastidae. They have a very large, but light and thin, beak, often nearly as long as the body itself. Most of the species are brilliantly colored with red, yellow, white, and black in striking contrast.

Tremando (a.) Trembling; -- used as a direction to perform a passage with a general shaking of the whole chord.

Trepan (n.) A crown-saw or cylindrical saw for perforating the skull, turned, when used, like a bit or gimlet. See Trephine.

Trepang (n.) Any one of several species of large holothurians, some of which are dried and extensively used as food in China; -- called also beche de mer, sea cucumber, and sea slug.

Tricentenary (n.) A period of three centuries, or three hundred years, also, the three-hundredth anniversary of any event; a tercentenary.

Trident (n.) A kind of scepter or spear with three prongs, -- the common attribute of Neptune.

Trident (n.) A three-pronged spear or goad, used for urging horses; also, the weapon used by one class of gladiators.

Trident (n.) A three-pronged fish spear.

Tridentated (a.) Having three teeth; three-toothed.

Trigenic (a.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C4H7N3O2, obtained, by the action of the vapor of cyanic acid on cold aldehyde, as a white crystalTripinnatifid (a.) Thrice pinnately cleft; -- said of a pinnatifid leaf when its segments are pinnatifid, and the subdivisions of these also are pinnatifid.

Triton (n.) Any one of numerous species of aquatic salamanders. The common European species are Hemisalamandra cristata, Molge palmata, and M. alpestris, a red-bellied species common in Switzerland. The most common species of the United States is Diemyctylus viridescens. See Illust. under Salamander.

Tubbing (n.) A lining of timber or metal around the shaft of a mine; especially, a series of cast-iron cylinders bolted together, used to enable those who sink a shaft to penetrate quicksand, water, etc., with safety.

Turbinal (a.) Rolled in a spiral; scroll-like; turbinate; -- applied to the thin, plicated, bony or cartilaginous plates which support the olfactory and mucous membranes of the nasal chambers.

Turbinated (a.) Spiral with the whorls decreasing rapidly from a large base to a pointed apex; -- said of certain shells.

Turbine (n.) A water wheel, commonly horizontal, variously constructed, but usually having a series of curved floats or buckets, against which the water acts by its impulse or reaction in flowing either outward from a central chamber, inward from an external casing, or from above downward, etc.; -- also called turbine wheel.

Tuscan (a.) Of or pertaining to Tuscany in Italy; -- specifically designating one of the five orders of architecture recognized and described by the Italian writers of the 16th century, or characteristic of the order. The original of this order was not used by the Greeks, but by the Romans under the Empire. See Order, and Illust. of Capital.

Tutsan (n.) A plant of the genus Hypericum (H. Androsoemum), from which a healing ointment is prepared in Spain; -- called also parkleaves.

Tupian (a.) Designating, or pert. to, a linguistic stock of South American Indians comprising the most important Brazilian tribes. Agriculture, pottery, and stone working were practiced by them at the time of the conquest. The Tupi and the Guarani were originally the most powerful of the stock, which is hence also called Tupi-Guaranian.

Turbine (n.) A form of steam engine analogous in construction and action to the water turbine. There are practically only two distinct kinds, and they are typified in the de Laval and the Parsons and Curtis turbines. The de Laval turbine is an impulse turbine, in which steam impinges upon revolving blades from a flared nozzle. The flare of the nozzle causes expansion of the steam, and hence changes its pressure energy into kinetic energy. An enormous velocity (30,000 revolutions per minute in > Twopence (n.) A small coin, and money of account, in England, equivalent to two pennies, -- minted to a fixed annual amount, for almsgiving by the sovereign on Maundy Thursday.

Tympano (n.) A kettledrum; -- chiefly used in the plural to denote the kettledrums of an orchestra. See Kettledrum.

Tympanum (n.) A drum-shaped wheel with spirally curved partitions by which water is raised to the axis when the wheel revolves with the lower part of the circumference submerged, -- used for raising water, as for irrigation.

Ullmannite (n.) A brittle mineral of a steel-gray color and metallic luster, containing antimony, arsenic, sulphur, and nickel.

Unchancy (a.) Ill-fated; unlucky.

Uneven (a.) Not divisible by two without a remainder; odd; -- said of numbers; as, 3, 7, and 11 are uneven numbers.

Unmanned (a.) Not tamed; not made familiar with, or subject to, man; -- also used figuratively.

Unmannerly (a.) Not mannerly; ill-bred; rude.

Uranin (n.) An alkaUrchin (n.) A pert or roguish child; -- now commonly used only of a boy.

Urchin (n.) One of a pair in a series of small card cylinders, arranged around a carding drum; -- so called from its fancied resemblance to the hedgehog.

Variance (n.) A disagreement or difference between two parts of the same legal proceeding, which, to be effectual, ought to agree, -- as between the writ and the declaration, or between the allegation and the proof.

Verein (n.) A union, association, or society; -- used in names of German organizations.

Verdin (n.) A small yellow-headed bird (Auriparus flaviceps) of Lower California, allied to the titmice; -- called also goldtit.

Viburnum (n.) A genus of shrubs having opposite, petiolate leaves and cymose flowers, several species of which are cultivated as ornamental, as the laurestine and the guelder-rose.

ViolaniViolone (n.) The largest instrument of the bass-viol kind, having strings tuned an octave below those of the violoncello; the contrabasso; -- called also double bass.

Virgin (n.) Any one of several species of gossamer-winged butterflies of the family Lycaenidae.

Virgin (v. i.) To act the virgin; to be or keep chaste; -- followed by it. See It, 5.

Vitrina (n.) A genus of terrestrial gastropods, having transparent, very thin, and delicate shells, -- whence the name.

Volcano (n.) A mountain or hill, usually more or less conical in form, from which lava, cinders, steam, sulphur gases, and the like, are ejected; -- often popularly called a burning mountain.

Vulcan (n.) The god of fire, who presided over the working of metals; -- answering to the Greek Hephaestus.

Vulcanization (n.) The act or process of imparting to caoutchouc, gutta-percha, or the like, greater elasticity, durability, or hardness by heating with sulphur under pressure.

Wangan (n.) A boat for conveying provisions, tools, etc.; -- so called by Maine lumbermen.

Wanton (n.) A roving, frolicsome thing; a trifler; -- used rarely as a term of endearment.

Wariangle (n.) The red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio); -- called also wurger, worrier, and throttler.

Warling (n.) One often quarreled with; -- / word coined, perhaps, to rhyme with darling.

Warrin (n.) An Australian lorikeet (Trichoglossus multicolor) remarkable for the variety and brilliancy of its colors; -- called also blue-bellied lorikeet, and blue-bellied parrot.

Washing (n.) The operation of simultaneously buying and selling the same stock for the purpose of manipulating the market. The transaction is fictitious, and is prohibited by stock-exchange rules.

Weaken (v. i.) To become weak or weaker; to lose strength, spirit, or determination; to become less positive or resolute; as, the patient weakened; the witness weakened on cross-examination.

Weasand (n.) The windpipe; -- called also, formerly, wesil.

Weeping (a.) Having slender, pendent branches; -- said of trees; as, weeping willow; a weeping ash.

Whiting (n.) A common European food fish (Melangus vulgaris) of the Codfish family; -- called also fittin.

Whiting (n.) A North American fish (Merlucius vulgaris) allied to the preceding; -- called also silver hake.

Whiting (n.) Any one of several species of North American marine sciaenoid food fishes belonging to genus Menticirrhus, especially M. Americanus, found from Maryland to Brazil, and M. littoralis, common from Virginia to Texas; -- called also silver whiting, and surf whiting.

Winding (n.) a series winding, or one in which the armature coil, the field-magnet coil, and the external circuit form a continuous conductor; a shunt winding, or one of such a character that the armature current is divided, a portion of the current being led around the field-magnet coils.

Willing (v. t.) Spontaneous; self-moved.

Winding (n.) A Winning (n.) The money, etc., gained by success in competition or contest, esp, in gambling; -- usually in the plural.

Winninish (n.) The land-locked variety of the common salmon.

Wivern (n.) A fabulous two-legged, winged creature, like a cockatrice, but having the head of a dragon, and without spurs.

Wulfenite (n.) Native lead molybdate occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually tabular, and of a bright orange-yellow to red, gray, or brown color; -- also called yellow lead ore.

Yaupon (n.) A shrub (Ilex Cassine) of the Holly family, native from Virginia to Florida. The smooth elliptical leaves are used as a substitute for tea, and were formerly used in preparing the black drink of the Indians of North Carolina. Called also South-Sea tea.

Zinkenite (n.) A steel-gray metallic mineral, a sulphide of antimony and lead.

Zircon (n.) A mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually of a brown or gray color. It consists of silica and zirconia. A red variety, used as a gem, is called hyacinth. Colorless, pale-yellow or smoky-brown varieties from Ceylon are called jargon.

Zirconium (n.) A rare element of the carbon-silicon group, intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, obtained from the mineral zircon as a dark sooty powder, or as a gray metallic crystalZircono () See Zirco-.

Zirconoid (n.) A double eight-sided pyramid, a form common with tetragonal crystals; -- so called because this form often occurs in crystals of zircon.

About the author

Mark McCracken Author: Mark McCracken is a corporate trainer and author living in Higashi Osaka, Japan. He is the author of thousands of online articles as well as the Business English textbook, "25 Business Skills in English".

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